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Related Concept Videos

Cholera01:25

Cholera

Cholera is an acute gastrointestinal disease caused by the Gram-negative bacterium Vibrio cholerae. It is transmitted primarily via the fecal-oral route through the ingestion of contaminated water or food.Vibrio cholerae is a motile, Gram-negative bacterium of the family Vibrionaceae, primarily associated with waterborne outbreaks in areas with inadequate sanitation. Although over 200 serogroups of V. cholerae exist, only O1 and O139 are responsible for epidemic cholera. The O1 serogroup,...
Reservoir of Infection01:30

Reservoir of Infection

Infectious diseases arise from intricate interactions between pathogens and their reservoirs. A reservoir of infection refers to the natural habitat where a pathogen lives, grows, and multiplies, serving as a continual source of infection. Reservoirs are broadly classified as either living or nonliving, and each plays a unique role in disease transmission, significantly influencing public health interventions and control strategies.Humans act as reservoirs for a wide array of pathogens,...
Bacterial Gastroenteritis01:18

Bacterial Gastroenteritis

Bacterial gastroenteritis, characterized by diarrhea, abdominal cramps, and vomiting, is often caused by ingestion of contaminated food or water and is frequently associated with pathogenic Escherichia coli strains. These microbes exploit two principal mechanisms to inflict disease.Shiga toxin–producing E. coli, also referred to as STEC—notably O157:H7—release Shiga toxins that target ribosomes, blocking protein synthesis. The B subunit of the toxin binds the host glycolipid receptor...
Drugs Affecting GI Tract Motility: Antimicrobials as Antidiarrheal Agents01:18

Drugs Affecting GI Tract Motility: Antimicrobials as Antidiarrheal Agents

Acute diarrhea, a common gastrointestinal disturbance, is characterized by the rapid evacuation of fluid stools, leading to an excessive weight in fluid. This condition typically arises from disorders affecting intestinal water and electrolyte transport. It can be triggered by an increased osmotic load within the intestine, excessive secretion of electrolytes and water, mucosal exudation of protein and fluid, or altered intestinal motility. The primary risks of acute diarrhea are dehydration...
Cholecystitis01:20

Cholecystitis

Cholecystitis is inflammation of the gallbladder, most commonly caused by obstruction of the cystic duct. This blockage prevents bile from draining, leading to gallbladder distension, inflammation, and potentially serious complications. This condition may present acutely or chronically and can happen with or without gallstones.EtiologyAbout 95% of cholecystitis cases are calculous, caused by gallstones blocking the cystic duct, leading to bile accumulation and inflammation of the gallbladder...
Bacterial Phylum Chlamydiae01:29

Bacterial Phylum Chlamydiae

The phylum Chlamydiae or Chlamydiota is composed of a single order, Chlamydiales. This phylum consists entirely of obligate intracellular parasites that infect eukaryotic hosts. While human pathogens within this group have been studied extensively, the phylum encompasses many species capable of interacting with various eukaryotic organisms. Members of Chlamydiae are typically small cocci, approximately 0.5 μm in diameter, and exhibit a distinctive developmental cycle. As is characteristic of...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 20, 2026

Laboratory Techniques Used to Maintain and Differentiate Biotypes of Vibrio cholerae Clinical and Environmental Isolates
07:58

Laboratory Techniques Used to Maintain and Differentiate Biotypes of Vibrio cholerae Clinical and Environmental Isolates

Published on: May 30, 2017

Cholera.

Jason B Harris1, Regina C LaRocque2, Firdausi Qadri3

  • 1Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.

Lancet (London, England)
|July 4, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cholera, a severe diarrheal disease caused by Vibrio cholerae, impacts millions globally. Effective fluid replacement and antibiotics drastically reduce mortality, while safe water and vaccines are key for prevention.

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Laboratory Techniques Used to Maintain and Differentiate Biotypes of Vibrio cholerae Clinical and Environmental Isolates
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Published on: May 30, 2017

Determination of Tolerable Fatty Acids and Cholera Toxin Concentrations Using Human Intestinal Epithelial Cells and BALB/c Mouse Macrophages
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Quantifying Vibrio cholerae Colonization and Diarrhea in the Adult Zebrafish Model
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Quantifying Vibrio cholerae Colonization and Diarrhea in the Adult Zebrafish Model

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Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Public Health
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Cholera is an acute, secretory diarrhea caused by Vibrio cholerae O1 or O139.
  • It is endemic in over 50 countries, causing significant epidemics and pandemics.
  • The seventh cholera pandemic, ongoing since 1961, affects millions annually with substantial mortality.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the epidemiology, clinical presentation, management, and prevention strategies for cholera.
  • To highlight the effectiveness of current therapeutic interventions.
  • To discuss the role of public health measures and vaccines in cholera control.

Main Methods:

  • Review of epidemiological data on cholera prevalence and mortality.
  • Description of clinical manifestations of cholera, distinguishing mild from severe cases.
  • Summary of management protocols, including fluid replacement and antibiotic therapy.
  • Overview of prevention strategies, emphasizing water, sanitation, and vaccination.

Main Results:

  • Severe cholera presents with pronounced diarrheal purging.
  • Aggressive fluid replacement can reduce mortality from over 50% to less than 0.2%.
  • Antibiotic treatment halves diarrhea volume and duration in moderately to severely dehydrated patients.

Conclusions:

  • Cholera remains a significant global health threat requiring robust public health interventions.
  • Prompt and aggressive management, including fluid resuscitation and antibiotics, is critical for survival.
  • Prevention relies on improved access to safe water and sanitation, complemented by oral cholera vaccines.