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Related Concept Videos

Conservative Site-specific Recombination and Phase Variation02:53

Conservative Site-specific Recombination and Phase Variation

Because the DNA segments are cut and reorganized in a direction-specific manner, site-specific recombination has emerged as an efficient genetic engineering technique. Flippase and Cyclization recombinases or Flp and Cre, respectively, are two members of the tyrosine recombinase family derived from bacteriophages, that are used to mediate site-specific DNA insertions, deletions, and targeted expression of proteins in mammalian cell lines.
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DNA Bacteriophages01:26

DNA Bacteriophages

Bacteriophages, or phages, are viruses that specifically infect bacteria, utilizing their genetic material to hijack host cellular machinery for replication. DNA bacteriophages employ single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) or double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) genomes. These phages exhibit diverse replication strategies and host interactions, influencing their ecological roles and applications in biotechnology and medicine.ssDNA BacteriophagesssDNA phages, with their small genomes, utilize unique strategies to...
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Viral Recombination

Cells are sometimes infected by more than one virus at once. When two viruses disassemble to expose their genomes for replication in the same cell, similar regions of their genomes can pair together and exchange sequences in a process called recombination. Alternatively, viruses with segmented genomes can swap segments in a process called reassortment.
Lysogenic Cycle of Bacteriophages00:43

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In contrast to the lytic cycle, phages infecting bacteria via the lysogenic cycle do not immediately kill their host cell. Instead, they combine their genome with the host genome, allowing the bacteria to replicate the phage DNA along with the bacterial genome. The incorporated copy of the phage genome is called the prophage. Some prophages can re-activate and enter the lytic cycle. This often occurs in response to a perturbation, such as DNA damage, but can also transpire in the absence of...

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Site-specific Bacterial Chromosome Engineering: &#934;C31 Integrase Mediated Cassette Exchange (IMCE)
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Site-specific Bacterial Chromosome Engineering: ΦC31 Integrase Mediated Cassette Exchange (IMCE)

Published on: March 16, 2012

Phage recombinases and their applications.

Kenan C Murphy1

  • 1Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA. kenan.murphy@umassmed.edu

Advances in Virus Research
|July 4, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Bacteriophage recombination systems enable genetic engineering via recombineering. This technology efficiently modifies bacterial chromosomes for applications in pathogenesis and metabolic engineering.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Homologous recombination systems in double-stranded DNA bacteriophages are crucial for genetic diversity, DNA repair, and chromosome formation.
  • These systems have historically aided understanding of recombination principles and phage DNA replication.
  • Recent advances utilize these systems for advanced genetic engineering.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To discuss bacteriophage recombination systems and their application in genetic engineering.
  • To explore the mechanisms and efficiency of recombineering technology.
  • To highlight the impact of recombineering across diverse scientific fields.

Main Methods:

  • Review of homologous recombination systems in bacteriophages λ, rac, and P22.
  • Analysis of single-stranded DNA annealing proteins.
  • Description of recombineering techniques for genetic manipulation.

Main Results:

  • Recombineering, particularly using the phage λ Red system, offers efficient genetic manipulation of bacterial chromosomes.
  • Techniques include gene replacement, deletion, insertion, inversion, duplication, and single base pair changes.
  • The technology has been instrumental in constructing engineered bacterial chromosomes, BACs, and plasmids.

Conclusions:

  • Recombineering represents a paradigm shift in bacterial genetics, surpassing traditional methods.
  • The phage recombination systems provide powerful tools for precise genetic engineering.
  • This technology has significant implications for bacterial pathogenesis, metabolic engineering, and genomics.