Descriptive epidemiology of selected malformations of the aorta, Atlanta, 1970-1983

To augment available population-based epidemiologic data for obstructive malformations of the aorta, we studied the descriptive epidemiology of coarctation, hypoplasia, and interruption of the aortic arch in Atlanta from 1970 through 1983. The study used data from the Metropolitan Atlanta Congenital Defects Program, a population-based birth defects registry. One hundred seventy infants were identified as having either interruption of the aortic arch (18), coarctation (131), or hypoplasia (21) of the aorta. The prevalence per 10,000 live births was as follows: interruption of the aortic arch, 0.50; coarctation, 3.62; and hypoplasia of the aorta, 0.58. Despite the differences in rates, the descriptive epidemiology for the three malformations was similar. None of the malformations was associated with gender or maternal age. Birth prevalence for whites was higher than that for other races; the increase, however, was statistically significant only for coarctation. Birth prevalence of these malformations increased during the period of observation, with the greatest increase (threefold) seen with interruption of the aortic arch. The rates for all malformation groups also showed a strong inverse association with birthweight.