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Related Concept Videos

Homologous Recombination02:31

Homologous Recombination

The basic reaction of homologous recombination (HR) involves two chromatids that contain DNA sequences sharing a significant stretch of identity. One of these sequences uses a strand from another as a template to synthesize DNA in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. The final product is a novel amalgamation of the two substrates. To ensure an accurate recombination of sequences, HR is restricted to the S and G2 phases of the cell cycle. At these stages, the DNA has been replicated already and the...
Homologous Recombination02:31

Homologous Recombination

The basic reaction of homologous recombination (HR) involves two chromatids that contain DNA sequences sharing a significant stretch of identity. One of these sequences uses a strand from another as a template to synthesize DNA in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. The final product is a novel amalgamation of the two substrates. To ensure an accurate recombination of sequences, HR is restricted to the S and G2 phases of the cell cycle. At these stages, the DNA has been replicated already and the...
Crossing Over01:30

Crossing Over

Crossing over is the exchange of genetic information between homologous chromosomes during prophase I of meiosis I. Genetic recombination gives rise to allelic diversity in the newly formed daughter cells. In humans, crossing over produces genetically distinct haploid egg and sperm cells that undergo fertilization to produce unique offspring. Before cell division starts, the germ cell’s chromosome(s) undergo duplication in the S phase of the cell cycle. As the cells enter prophase I, duplicated...
Crossing Over01:34

Crossing Over

Unlike mitosis, meiosis aims for genetic diversity in its creation of haploid gametes. Dividing germ cells first begin this process in prophase I, where each chromosome—replicated in S phase—is now composed of two sister chromatids (identical copies) joined centrally.
The homologous pairs of sister chromosomes—one from the maternal and one from the paternal genome—then begin to align alongside each other lengthwise, matching corresponding DNA positions in a process called synapsis.
In order to...
Gene Conversion02:08

Gene Conversion

Other than maintaining genome stability via DNA repair, homologous recombination plays an important role in diversifying the genome. In fact, the recombination of sequences forms the molecular basis of genomic evolution. Random and non-random permutations of genomic sequences create a library of new amalgamated sequences. These newly formed genomes can determine the fitness and survival of cells. In bacteria, homologous and non-homologous types of recombination lead to the evolution of new...
Gene Conversion02:08

Gene Conversion

Other than maintaining genome stability via DNA repair, homologous recombination plays an important role in diversifying the genome. In fact, the recombination of sequences forms the molecular basis of genomic evolution. Random and non-random permutations of genomic sequences create a library of new amalgamated sequences. These newly formed genomes can determine the fitness and survival of cells. In bacteria, homologous and non-homologous types of recombination lead to the evolution of new...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 20, 2026

Preparation of the Mgm101 Recombination Protein by MBP-based Tagging Strategy
11:40

Preparation of the Mgm101 Recombination Protein by MBP-based Tagging Strategy

Published on: June 25, 2013

Homologous recombination in eukaryotes.

Ravindra Amunugama1, Richard Fishel

  • 1Biophysics Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.

Progress in Molecular Biology and Translational Science
|July 4, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Homologous recombination (HR) is a vital DNA repair pathway conserved across species. It ensures genomic integrity, facilitates genetic diversity during meiosis, and maintains stability in somatic cells.

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Homologous recombination (HR) is a fundamental biological process.
  • It plays a critical role in maintaining genomic integrity and stability.
  • HR is essential for processes like meiosis and DNA repair.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the key components (players) involved in eukaryotic homologous recombination.
  • To elucidate the intricate mechanisms governing homologous recombination in eukaryotes.
  • To highlight the conserved nature and importance of HR from bacteria to humans.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing research on homologous recombination.
  • Analysis of conserved genes and functions across different species.

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Detection of Homologous Recombination Intermediates via Proximity Ligation and Quantitative PCR in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
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Detection of Homologous Recombination Intermediates via Proximity Ligation and Quantitative PCR in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

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Analysis of Nonhomologous End Joining and Homologous Recombination Efficiency in HEK-293T Cells Using GFP-Based Reporter Systems
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Analysis of Nonhomologous End Joining and Homologous Recombination Efficiency in HEK-293T Cells Using GFP-Based Reporter Systems

Published on: February 2, 2024

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 20, 2026

Preparation of the Mgm101 Recombination Protein by MBP-based Tagging Strategy
11:40

Preparation of the Mgm101 Recombination Protein by MBP-based Tagging Strategy

Published on: June 25, 2013

Detection of Homologous Recombination Intermediates via Proximity Ligation and Quantitative PCR in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
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Detection of Homologous Recombination Intermediates via Proximity Ligation and Quantitative PCR in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Published on: September 11, 2022

Analysis of Nonhomologous End Joining and Homologous Recombination Efficiency in HEK-293T Cells Using GFP-Based Reporter Systems
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Analysis of Nonhomologous End Joining and Homologous Recombination Efficiency in HEK-293T Cells Using GFP-Based Reporter Systems

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  • Synthesis of current understanding of HR pathways and their roles.

    • Main Results:

    • Identified conserved players and mechanisms of homologous recombination in eukaryotes.
    • Detailed the role of HR in meiosis, including DNA crossover events and genetic diversity.
    • Explained HR's function in somatic cells for DNA repair and stability, especially after DNA damage.
    • Emphasized the evolutionary conservation of HR, underscoring its fundamental importance.

    Conclusions:

    • Homologous recombination is a highly conserved and essential pathway for life.
    • Its mechanisms are critical for accurate chromosome segregation during meiosis and for maintaining genomic stability in somatic cells.
    • Understanding HR provides insights into genetic diversity and disease prevention.