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Related Concept Videos

Pulmonary Embolism I: Introduction01:19

Pulmonary Embolism I: Introduction

A blood clot, or thrombus, is a semi-solid mass composed of fibrin, platelets, and red blood cells. When it forms within a vessel, it can obstruct blood flow, known as thrombosis. If part of the clot detaches, it becomes an embolus that can travel and block distant vessels. When this occurs in the pulmonary arteries, it causes a condition known as pulmonary embolism (PE).Origin and ImpactMost often, the embolus originates from a thrombus in the deep veins of the lower limbs, a condition called...
Pulmonary Embolism I: Introduction01:29

Pulmonary Embolism I: Introduction

Pulmonary embolism (PE) occurs when a thrombus, fat or air embolus, amniotic fluid, or tumor tissue blocks one or more pulmonary arteries. These blockages originate in the venous system or the right side of the heart.EtiologyPE primarily arises from deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and other hypercoagulable states, such as inherited thrombophilias. Additional etiological factors include venous stasis, commonly seen in obesity, and endothelial injury from surgery and trauma. Less common causes include...
Pulmonary Embolism II: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care01:29

Pulmonary Embolism II: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care

Diagnosing Pulmonary EmbolismDiagnosing pulmonary embolism (PE) involves clinical assessment and advanced imaging tests. The preferred diagnostic tool is the spiral (helical) CT scan or CT angiography (CTA), which uses intravenous contrast media to visualize the pulmonary vasculature and identify emboli.A ventilation-perfusion (V/Q) scan is an alternative for patients unable to receive contrast media. This scan includes both perfusion and ventilation scanning. Perfusion scanning involves...
Pulmonary Embolism III: Nursing Management01:27

Pulmonary Embolism III: Nursing Management

A pulmonary embolism occurs when a thrombus, amniotic fluid, tumor tissue, fat, or air embolus blocks one or more pulmonary arteries. Effective nursing management and patient education are crucial for improving outcomes and preventing recurrence.Nursing management starts with obtaining a comprehensive patient history, particularly noting any history of deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Assess for clinical manifestations, including dyspnea, chest pain, crackles, heart murmurs, and signs of right-sided...
Venous Thrombosis III: Interprofessional Care01:29

Venous Thrombosis III: Interprofessional Care

Venous thrombosis requires effective prevention and treatment strategies to improve patient outcomes and reduce potential complications.Prevention StrategiesHealthcare providers must prioritize preventing venous thromboembolism (VTE) for all adult patients upon admission. Interventions depend on bleeding and thrombosis risk, medical history, current medications, diagnoses, planned procedures, and patient preferences. Patients on bed rest should change positions every two hours and, if not...
Venous Thrombosis II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies01:20

Venous Thrombosis II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies

The key difference between Superficial Vein Thrombosis (SVT) and Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) lies in their location and severity.Clinical ManifestationsSVT typically presents with localized pain, tenderness, and redness along the course of a superficial vein, often accompanied by a palpable, cord-like structure under the skin. This condition is usually less dangerous than DVT but can be uncomfortable and may lead to complications such as cellulitis or, rarely, a clot extension into the deep...

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A Porcine Model of Acute Autologous Pulmonary Embolism
07:44

A Porcine Model of Acute Autologous Pulmonary Embolism

Published on: September 6, 2024

Pulmonary embolism without deep venous thrombosis.

Tim Schwartz1, Anil Hingorani, Enrico Ascher

  • 1Division of Vascular Surgery, Maimonides Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY 11219, USA. tschwartz@maimonidesmed.org

Annals of Vascular Surgery
|July 4, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Pulmonary embolism (PE) patients without deep venous thrombosis (DVT) showed a higher prevalence of malignancy. Further research is needed to understand the clinical significance and pathophysiology of PE without DVT.

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Imaging and Diagnostics
  • Vascular Medicine
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Pulmonary embolism (PE) is a serious condition often linked to deep venous thrombosis (DVT).
  • Identifying PE cases without an identifiable DVT source is crucial for understanding disease mechanisms.
  • This study aimed to identify PE patients without DVT and compare them to those with a confirmed DVT source.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify patients diagnosed with pulmonary embolism (PE) who do not have deep venous thrombosis (DVT).
  • To compare the characteristics of PE patients with and without DVT, focusing on malignancy prevalence.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective review of 2700 chest computed tomography angiograms (CTAs) from January 2008 to September 2010.
  • Identification of 230 PE patients and evaluation of upper and lower extremity venous duplex scan (UED and LED) results.
  • Comparison of PE patients with and without DVT based on age, gender, PE characteristics, critical illness, malignancy, and mortality.

Main Results:

  • 15 out of 230 PE patients had no documented DVT on UED and LED (Group 4).
  • Group 4 showed a statistically significant increased prevalence of malignancy (67% vs. 40%, P = 0.046) compared to PE patients with DVT (Group 1).
  • No significant differences were observed in age, gender, PE characteristics, critical illness, or in-hospital mortality between the groups.

Conclusions:

  • A higher prevalence of malignancy is demonstrated in patients with PE but without DVT.
  • The pathophysiology and clinical significance of PE in the absence of DVT require further investigation.
  • Potential explanations include de novo pulmonary artery thrombosis, complete thrombus dislodgement, or false-negative venous duplex results.