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Related Concept Videos

Microbial Phylogeny01:28

Microbial Phylogeny

Understanding the evolutionary relationships among microorganisms is fundamental to microbial ecology and taxonomy. Phylogenetic trees are essential tools for inferring these relationships, relying primarily on comparative analyses of molecular sequences such as DNA, RNA, or proteins. In microbial studies, these trees typically depict the evolutionary paths of diverse bacterial and archaeal species by mapping genetic differences accumulated over time.Phylogenetic trees are composed of tips,...
Gene Evolution - Fast or Slow?02:05

Gene Evolution - Fast or Slow?

The genomes of eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of sequence which do not code for proteins or RNAs. Although some of these regions do contain crucial regulatory sequences, the vast majority of this DNA serves no known function. Typically, these regions of the genome are the ones in which the fastest change, in evolutionary terms, is observed, because there is typically little to no selection pressure acting on these regions to preserve their sequences.
In contrast, regions which code...
Gene Evolution - Fast or Slow?02:05

Gene Evolution - Fast or Slow?

The genomes of eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of sequence which do not code for proteins or RNAs. Although some of these regions do contain crucial regulatory sequences, the vast majority of this DNA serves no known function. Typically, these regions of the genome are the ones in which the fastest change, in evolutionary terms, is observed, because there is typically little to no selection pressure acting on these regions to preserve their sequences.
In contrast, regions which code...
Evolutionary Relationships through Genome Comparisons02:54

Evolutionary Relationships through Genome Comparisons

Genome comparison is one of the excellent ways to interpret the evolutionary relationships between organisms. The basic principle of genome comparison is that if two species share a common feature, it is likely encoded by the DNA sequence conserved between both species. The advent of genome sequencing technologies in the late 20th century enabled scientists to understand the concept of conservation of domains between species and helped them to deduce evolutionary relationships across diverse...
Phylogeny01:23

Phylogeny

Phylogeny is concerned with the evolutionary diversification of organisms or groups of organisms. A group of organisms with a name is called a taxon (singular). Taxa (plural) can span different levels of the evolutionary hierarchy. For instance, the group containing all birds is a taxon (comprising the class Aves), and the group of all species of daisies (the genus Bellis) is a taxon. Phylogenies can likewise include just one genus (i.e., depict species relationships) or span an entire kingdom.
Comparing Mitochondrial, Chloroplast, and Prokaryotic Genomes02:16

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The present-day mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes have retained some of the characteristics of their ancestral prokaryotes and also have acquired new attributes during their evolution within eukaryotic cells. Like prokaryotic genomes, mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes neither bind with histone-like proteins nor show complex packaging into chromosome-like structures, as observed in eukaryotes. Unlike mitotic cell divisions observed in eukaryotic cells, mitochondria and chloroplasts...

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In Situ Hybridization Techniques for Paraffin-Embedded Adult Coral Samples
07:24

In Situ Hybridization Techniques for Paraffin-Embedded Adult Coral Samples

Published on: August 31, 2018

Marine turtle mitogenome phylogenetics and evolution.

Sebastián Duchene1, Amy Frey, Alonzo Alfaro-Núñez

  • 1Protected Resources Division, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA. garzonsebastian@hotmail.com

Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution
|July 4, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Sea turtle evolution is complex. Complete mitogenomes reveal clear phylogenetic relationships and phylogeographic patterns, but suggest recent migrations in loggerhead and olive ridley turtles.

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Last Updated: May 20, 2026

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Genotyping of Sea Anemone during Early Development
07:04

Genotyping of Sea Anemone during Early Development

Published on: May 13, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Marine Biology
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Sea turtles originated in the Cretaceous period, encompassing seven living species: leatherback, hawksbill, Kemp's ridley, olive ridley, loggerhead, green, and flatback.
  • Phylogenetic analyses of partial mitochondrial and nuclear markers have indicated inconsistencies, particularly in the placement of the flatback sea turtle within the Cheloniidae family.
  • Population genetic studies highlight significant structuring in widely distributed sea turtle species, suggesting complex migration patterns influenced by geographic and climatic factors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To sequence complete mitogenomes for all sea turtle species.
  • To conduct phylogenetic analyses using a comprehensive molecular dataset to clarify sea turtle evolution.
  • To investigate phylogeographic patterns and recent dispersal events within globally distributed sea turtle populations.

Main Methods:

  • Sequencing of complete mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes) from sea turtle species across their geographic ranges.
  • Phylogenetic analyses utilizing a large molecular dataset, including mitochondrial DNA sequences.
  • Identification of genetic variations, such as length variation in the ATP8 gene and a highly variable site in ND4.

Main Results:

  • Complete mitogenomes provide robust support and resolution for phylogenetic relationships among all sea turtle species.
  • Phylogenetic analyses reveal distinct phylogeographic patterns within widely distributed species.
  • Evidence suggests more recent dispersal events (<1 million years ago) in loggerhead and olive ridley turtles, indicating recent migrations.

Conclusions:

  • The study demonstrates the intricate diversity within sea turtle populations.
  • Complete mitogenomes offer a powerful tool for resolving sea turtle phylogeny and phylogeography.
  • Further research into sea turtle phylogeography and molecular evolution is warranted to fully understand their complex history and distribution.