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Updated: May 20, 2026

Direct Mouse Trauma/Burn Model of Heterotopic Ossification
Published on: August 6, 2015
Overactive bone morphogenetic protein signaling in heterotopic ossification and Duchenne muscular dystrophy
SongTing Shi1, David J J de Gorter, Willem M H Hoogaars
1Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Centre for Biomedical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Centre, Building 2, Room R-02-022, Postzone S-1-P, PO Box 9600, Einthovenweg 20, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands.
Abstract:
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are important extracellular cytokines that play critical roles in embryogenesis and tissue homeostasis. BMPs signal via transmembrane type I and type II serine/threonine kinase receptors and intracellular Smad effector proteins. BMP signaling is precisely regulated and perturbation of BMP signaling is connected to multiple diseases, including musculoskeletal diseases. In this review, we will summarize the recent progress in elucidation of BMP signal transduction, how overactive BMP signaling is involved in the pathogenesis of heterotopic ossification and Duchenne muscular dystrophy, and discuss possible therapeutic strategies for treatment of these diseases.
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