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Related Concept Videos

Rheumatic Heart Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies01:22

Rheumatic Heart Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies

The key clinical manifestations of Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) include several distinct cardiac symptoms.Carditis, a hallmark of acute rheumatic fever, involves inflammation of the heart's endocardium, myocardium, and pericardium. Chronic RHD often results from recurrent episodes of carditis. Its symptoms include the following:Murmurs are caused by valvular damage, especially to the mitral and aortic valves. Mitral stenosis or regurgitation is common, with characteristic heart murmurs...
Rheumatic Heart Disease III: Medical Management01:21

Rheumatic Heart Disease III: Medical Management

Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) management can be divided into two main strategies: prevention and long-term management.Primary PreventionPrimary prevention focuses on timely diagnosis and management of group A streptococcal pharyngitis to prevent acute rheumatic fever. The most widely used antibiotic for treating this condition is intramuscular benzathine penicillin G.Acute Rheumatic Fever TreatmentThe primary treatment goal for a patient diagnosed with acute rheumatic fever is to suppress the...
Rheumatic Heart Disease IV: Nursing Management01:20

Rheumatic Heart Disease IV: Nursing Management

AssessmentA comprehensive assessment is essential in managing a patient with rheumatic heart disease (RHD). Begin with obtaining a detailed medical history, including recent streptococcal infections, a history of rheumatic fever, or previously diagnosed rheumatic heart disease. Assess the patient for symptoms such as fever, chest pain, widespread joint pain (arthralgia), tachycardia, pericardial friction rub, muffled heart sounds, heart murmurs, peripheral edema, subcutaneous nodules, and...
Atherosclerosis II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Tests01:27

Atherosclerosis II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Tests

Atherosclerosis is a progressive disorder that leads to the thickening and narrowing of arterial walls due to plaque buildup. This condition can cause various symptoms depending on the arteries affected:Coronary Artery Disease (CAD): This condition affects the coronary arteries and may lead to chest pain (angina), shortness of breath (dyspnea), heart attacks, and other heart disease symptoms.Cerebrovascular Disease: This affects blood flow to the brain, causing transient ischemic attacks (TIAs)...
Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction01:23

Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction

Rheumatic heart disease or RHD is a chronic condition that results from rheumatic fever, causing permanent damage to the heart valves.Etiology and Risk FactorsIt primarily arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory disease that can develop after untreated or inadequately treated group A streptococcal (GAS) pharyngitis. Streptococcus spreads through direct contact with oral or respiratory secretions. While the bacteria are the causative agents, factors like malnutrition, overcrowding, poor...
Genome-wide Association Studies-GWAS01:11

Genome-wide Association Studies-GWAS

Genome-wide association studies or GWAS are used to identify whether common SNPs are associated with certain diseases. Suppose specific SNPs are more frequently observed in individuals with a particular disease than those without the disease. In that case, those SNPs are said to be associated with the disease. Chi-square analysis is performed to check the probability of the allele likely to be associated with the disease.
GWAS does not require the identification of the target gene involved in...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 20, 2026

Preliminary Study on Acupuncture Combined with Grain-sized Moxibustion for Treating Rheumatoid Arthritis with Finger Joint Pain
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Preliminary Study on Acupuncture Combined with Grain-sized Moxibustion for Treating Rheumatoid Arthritis with Finger Joint Pain

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[Rheumatoid arthritis: diagnostics and therapy 2012].

H-M Lorenz1

  • 1Sektion Rheumatologie, Medizinische Klinik V, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120, Heidelberg, Deutschland. Hannes.Lorenz@med.uni-heidelberg.de

Der Orthopade
|July 4, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is diagnosed by joint symptoms and confirmed with serologic tests. Early treatment with DMARDs and biologics aims to control inflammation and prevent long-term complications.

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Automated Joint Space Detection Improves Bone Segmentation Accuracy
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Automated Joint Space Detection Improves Bone Segmentation Accuracy

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Preliminary Study on Acupuncture Combined with Grain-sized Moxibustion for Treating Rheumatoid Arthritis with Finger Joint Pain
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Automated Joint Space Detection Improves Bone Segmentation Accuracy

Published on: November 28, 2025

Area of Science:

  • Rheumatology
  • Immunology

Context:

  • Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) presents with joint pain, swelling, and stiffness, often worse in the morning.
  • Characteristic RA involvement includes wrists, metacarpophalangeal (MCP), and proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joints.
  • Serologic markers like rheumatoid factor (RF) and anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (CCP Ab) aid diagnosis.

Purpose:

  • To outline the diagnostic criteria for Rheumatoid Arthritis.
  • To detail the recommended therapeutic strategies for RA management.
  • To emphasize the goals of RA treatment, including symptom control and prevention of complications.

Summary:

  • RA diagnosis involves clinical assessment of joint symptoms (pain, swelling, morning stiffness >30 min) and specific joint patterns (wrists, MCP, PIP).
  • Serologic tests for rheumatoid factor and CCP antibodies support diagnosis but are not definitive alone.
  • Treatment initiation is crucial, starting with disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs), primarily methotrexate, alongside physiotherapy, pain relief, and corticosteroids.
  • For refractory cases, biologics such as TNF-α blockers, IL-6 receptor inhibitors, or B-cell/T-cell targeted therapies are considered.

Impact:

  • Prompt RA diagnosis and treatment are essential for achieving symptom remission.
  • Therapeutic goals include minimizing immunosuppressant dosage (corticosteroids ≤5 mg/day) and halting radiological progression.
  • Effective RA management prevents long-term sequelae, including cardiovascular events (myocardial infarction, stroke) and lymphoma.