Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 20, 2026

Isolating Free Carbenes, their Mixed Dimers and Organic Radicals
Published on: April 19, 2019
Bis-dibenzo[a.i]fluorenylidene, does it exist as stable 1,2-diradical?
Basem Kanawati1, Alexander Genest, Philippe Schmitt-Kopplin
1Research Unit Analytical Biogeochemistry, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstr.1, 85758 Neuherberg, Germany. Basem.Kanawati@helmholtz-muenchen.de
Abstract:
The geometries, energies, and electronic properties of the two possible configurations of bis-[dibenzo[a.i]fluorenylidene] were investigated theoretically by density functional theory DFT B3LYP at the UB3LYP/6-311 + G(2d,p) // UB3LYP/6-31 + G(d,p) level of theory. According to the performed calculations, it was found that the singlet is 3.4 kcal mol(-1) lower in energy compared to triplet state at room temperature. This gap is compared with those of other alkenes like ethylene, (61.9 kcal mol(-1)) tetra-tert-butyethylene, (6.4 kcal mol(-1)) and bis-fluorenylidene (19.5 kcal mol(-1)). These results confirm the experimental findings of the paramagnetic properties determined by Franzen and Joschek. The low singlet-triplet gap in the case of bis-[dibenzo[a.i]fluorenylidene] is the result of a steric destabilization of the singlet due to strain and stabilization of the triplet electronic state by delocalization of each free electron within each aromatic moiety. This correlates with the special electronic structure of the triplet state of this compound, where facial interaction of two hydrogen atoms lying close to the lobes of each p-orbital occupied with a single electron at the distorted double bond in the triplet electronic state.
More Related Videos
12:07Microwave-assisted Intramolecular Dehydrogenative Diels-Alder Reactions for the Synthesis of Functionalized Naphthalenes/Solvatochromic Dyes
Published on: April 1, 2013
14:11Synthesis of pH Dependent Pyrazole, Imidazole, and Isoindolone Dipyrrinone Fluorophores using a Claisen-Schmidt Condensation Approach
Published on: June 10, 2021
Related Concept Videos
Radical Reactivity: Steric Effects
Along with electronic factors, steric factors also account...
Electrophilic 1,2- and 1,4-Addition of X2 to 1,3-Butadiene
Stability of Conjugated Dienes
A comparison of the enthalpies of hydrogenation of dienes reveals that conjugated dienes release less heat on hydrogenation, rendering them more stable than their nonconjugated analogs.
[4+2] Cycloaddition of Conjugated Dienes: Diels–Alder Reaction
Diels–Alder Reaction: Characteristics of Dienes
Characteristics of the diene
Conformation
The simplest example of a diene is 1,3-butadiene, an acyclic conjugated π system. At room temperature, the molecule exists as a mixture of s-cis and s-trans conformers by virtue of rotation around the carbon–carbon single bond. Although the s-trans isomer is more stable, the...
Radical Formation: Addition
Similar to charge conservation in chemical reactions, spin conservation is implicit for radical reactions. Accordingly, the product formed must possess an unpaired...