Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Recrystallization: Solid–Solution Equilibria01:10

Recrystallization: Solid–Solution Equilibria

Recrystallization is a purification technique used to separate impurities from solid compounds. In this technique, no chemical reactions occur. Instead, it exploits physical properties only, specifically, the solubility differences between the desired compound and impurities, either at a single temperature or at different temperatures, and under other selected conditions. The solid-solution equilibrium (solubility equilibrium) of each component in the solution represents a binary phase...
Washing, Drying, and Ignition of Precipitates00:52

Washing, Drying, and Ignition of Precipitates

After filtration, the precipitate is washed to remove coprecipitated impurities and any remaining mother liquor. Colloidal precipitates, such as silver chloride, are washed with an electrolyte (such as dilute nitric acid) to prevent the peptization of the precipitate. In the case of slightly soluble precipitates, the wash solution contains a common ion to reduce solubility. Lead sulfate, which is slightly soluble in water, is washed with dilute sulfuric acid. Similarly, wash solutions may be...
Dialysis01:15

Dialysis

Dialysis is a diffusion-based purification process that separates analyte molecules from a complex matrix. This is accomplished by allowing molecules in the solution to pass through a semipermeable membrane into a liquid on the other side. The membrane is usually made of cellulose acetate or cellulose nitrate, and the second liquid must be miscible with the solution. Ions (e.g., chloride or sodium) or organic molecules (e.g., glucose) can pass through the membrane pores, which generally have...
Theories of Dissolution: Diffusion Layer Model01:15

Theories of Dissolution: Diffusion Layer Model

Dissolution, the process by which drug particles dissolve in a solvent, is explained by the diffusion layer model, a theoretical framework that simulates the absorption of oral drugs and allows us to analyze experimental data.
This process starts with a thin layer, saturated with the drug, forming at the interface between the solid and liquid. The solute then diffuses from this layer into the main solution. The Noyes-Whitney equation suggests that the rate of dissolution relies on the diffusion...
Filtration00:53

Filtration

Filtration is a physical separation process that involves passing a suspension through a porous medium to separate solids from fluids. During filtration, solids collect on the porous medium while liquids, also collectively known as the filtrate, pass through. The filtration medium is selected based on the filtration purpose, quantity, and nature of the precipitate. The general criteria for a suitable filtering medium are that it is inert, mechanically strong, nonabsorbent toward dissolved...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Unraveling the complexity of amorphous solid as direct ingredient for conventional oral solid dosage form: The story of Elagolix Sodium.

International journal of pharmaceutics·2024
Same author

Engineering advancements in microfluidic systems for enhanced mixing at low Reynolds numbers.

Biomicrofluidics·2024
Same author

Snap-on Adaptor for Microtiter Plates to Enable Continuous-Flow Microfluidic Screening and Harvesting of Crystalline Materials.

ACS omega·2023
Same author

A comprehensive modeling approach for polymorph selection in Lennard-Jones crystallization.

The Journal of chemical physics·2023
Same author

An investigation of the kinetics and thermodynamics of NaCl nucleation through composite clusters.

PNAS nexus·2023
Same author

Breakage Assessment of Lath-Like Crystals in a Novel Laboratory-Scale Agitated Filter Bed Dryer.

Pharmaceutical research·2022

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 20, 2026

Fabrication of an Optical Cell Dryer for the Spectroscopic Analysis Cells
05:37

Fabrication of an Optical Cell Dryer for the Spectroscopic Analysis Cells

Published on: January 8, 2019

Drying process optimization for an API solvate using heat transfer model of an agitated filter dryer.

Nandkishor K Nere1, Kimberley C Allen, James C Marek

  • 1Process Research and Development, Global Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Abbott Laboratories, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, USA. nandkishor.nere@adityabirla.com

Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences
|July 4, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Optimizing active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) drying in agitated filter dryers requires efficient heat and mass transfer. A new composite model and dryer protocol significantly reduced API drying times by addressing heat transfer limitations.

More Related Videos

Comparison of Tobacco Host Cell Protein Removal Methods by Blanching Intact Plants or by Heat Treatment of Extracts
11:06

Comparison of Tobacco Host Cell Protein Removal Methods by Blanching Intact Plants or by Heat Treatment of Extracts

Published on: August 8, 2016

Process Development for the Spray-Drying of Probiotic Bacteria and Evaluation of the Product Quality
05:45

Process Development for the Spray-Drying of Probiotic Bacteria and Evaluation of the Product Quality

Published on: April 7, 2023

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 20, 2026

Fabrication of an Optical Cell Dryer for the Spectroscopic Analysis Cells
05:37

Fabrication of an Optical Cell Dryer for the Spectroscopic Analysis Cells

Published on: January 8, 2019

Comparison of Tobacco Host Cell Protein Removal Methods by Blanching Intact Plants or by Heat Treatment of Extracts
11:06

Comparison of Tobacco Host Cell Protein Removal Methods by Blanching Intact Plants or by Heat Treatment of Extracts

Published on: August 8, 2016

Process Development for the Spray-Drying of Probiotic Bacteria and Evaluation of the Product Quality
05:45

Process Development for the Spray-Drying of Probiotic Bacteria and Evaluation of the Product Quality

Published on: April 7, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Chemical Engineering
  • Pharmaceutical Manufacturing
  • Process Optimization

Background:

  • Drying active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) candidates in pilot plant agitated filter dryers often leads to prolonged cycle times.
  • Inefficient heat transfer and mass transfer limitations are primary causes of extended drying durations.
  • Effective mixing protocols are crucial for enhancing heat transfer during the drying process.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a composite model for bound solvent removal that integrates heat transfer and desolvation kinetics.
  • To investigate the impact of gas gap and headspace pressure on heat transfer efficiency.
  • To create an optimized dryer operational protocol for reduced drying times.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a novel heat transfer model accounting for gas gap effects and headspace pressure.
  • Creation of a computational methodology using Dynochem software to simulate drying profiles.
  • Integration of desolvation kinetics and thermal stability data into model simulations.
  • Design of a dryer operational protocol based on model insights and experimental data.

Main Results:

  • The developed heat transfer model uniquely incorporates gas gap and headspace pressure effects.
  • Simulations provided insights into drying behavior under various operational parameters.
  • A new dryer operational protocol was successfully designed.
  • The optimized protocol resulted in a significant reduction in API drying cycle times.

Conclusions:

  • A composite modeling approach effectively addresses heat and mass transfer limitations in API drying.
  • Understanding and controlling factors like gas gap and headspace pressure are key to optimizing heat transfer.
  • The developed methodology and protocol offer a substantial improvement in pilot plant drying efficiency.