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Genetic and antigenic changes in porcine rubulavirus
José I Sánchez-Betancourt1, María E Trujillo, Susana E Mendoza
1Departamento de Producción Animal Cerdos, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM). Av. Universidad No. 3000 Col. Copilco, Del. Coyoacán, CP 04510 Distrito Federal, México. aisb_7@yahoo.com.mx
Blue eye disease in pigs, caused by porcine rubulavirus (PoRV), shows evolving genetic and antigenic changes. These variations in PoRV strains challenge disease control efforts in swine populations.
Area of Science:
- Veterinary Virology
- Swine Disease Epidemiology
- Molecular Phylogenetics
Background:
- Blue eye disease, caused by porcine rubulavirus (PoRV), is an emergent viral swine disease endemic in Mexico since 1980.
- Atypical outbreaks with neurological and reproductive signs have been observed, indicating disease evolution.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the genetic and antigenic diversity of porcine rubulavirus (PoRV) isolates.
- To determine the antigenic relatedness among different PoRV strains using cross-neutralization assays.
Main Methods:
- Amino acid sequence comparison and phylogenetic analysis of the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) protein.
- Cross-neutralization assays using homologous and heterologous antisera.
Main Results:
- Phylogenetic analysis revealed genetically distinct PoRV lineages.
- Cross-neutralization assays identified antigenic changes among strains, including a highly divergent strain forming a new serogroup.
- Evidence suggests simultaneous circulation of genetically and antigenically diverse PoRV strains.
Conclusions:
- Porcine rubulavirus (PoRV) exhibits significant genetic and antigenic diversity in circulating strains.
- The hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) protein may not be the sole determinant of antigenic variation in PoRV.
- Ongoing viral evolution necessitates continuous monitoring for effective disease management in swine.
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