The split tibialis anterior muscle flap - A simple solution for longitudinal middle third tibial defects

Area of Science:

• Orthopedic Surgery
• Reconstructive Surgery
• Microsurgery

Background:

• The tibialis anterior flap is underutilized due to concerns about muscle expendability and size.
• Limited data exists on its application for specific defect types.

Purpose of the Study:

• To evaluate the efficacy of the tibialis anterior muscle flap for longitudinal defects in the middle third of the tibia.
• To assess the utility of function preservation techniques in flap harvesting.

Main Methods:

• Analysis of five patient cases utilizing the tibialis anterior flap.
• Application of function preservation techniques during flap harvesting.
• Saggital split incision for maximal blood supply preservation, with potential transverse incisions for reach.

Main Results:

• The tibialis anterior flap successfully covered narrow and linear middle third tibial defects.
• Function preservation techniques enabled comfortable defect coverage.
• Pre-operative assessment of muscle size and pliability is essential.

Conclusions:

• The tibialis anterior flap is a viable, simple alternative for specific linear tibial defects.
• Function preservation techniques enhance the flap's utility and safety.
• Optimal flap selection requires careful consideration of defect characteristics and muscle viability.