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Related Concept Videos

Muscles of the Shoulder01:23

Muscles of the Shoulder

The muscles surrounding the shoulder girdle, including the clavicle and scapula, primarily stabilize the scapula. This stable base allows other muscles to move the humerus effectively. Scapular movements often mirror those of the humerus and extend its range of motion. For instance, raising the arm above the head would not be feasible without simultaneous upward rotation of the scapula.
Anterior Thoracic Muscles
The anterior thoracic muscles include the serratus anterior, subclavius, and...
Shrinkage in Concrete01:27

Shrinkage in Concrete

Shrinkage in concrete is primarily due to water loss from evaporation, hydration of cement, or carbonation, leading to a reduction in volume. The volumetric contraction results in volumetric strain in concrete. However, in practice, shrinkage is measured as linear strain, which is one-third of the volumetric strain.
When concrete is still in its plastic state, it can undergo a decrease in volume by about 1% of its absolute volume. This decrease is known as plastic shrinkage. It arises either...
Drying Shrinkage01:21

Drying Shrinkage

When hardened concrete is exposed to air with a relative humidity of less than 100 percent, it begins to lose the free water within its capillaries. As this water evaporates, the water initially adsorbed onto the calcium silicate hydrates migrates towards these now empty spaces and eventually evaporates as well. Over time, as more water leaves, the volume of the concrete decreases, a phenomenon known as drying shrinkage.
A portion of this drying shrinkage can be reversed; if the concrete is...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 20, 2026

Minimally Invasive Treatment for Thoracolumbar Burst Fracture Using Sagittal Alignment Screws and A Trauma Reduction Device
04:19

Minimally Invasive Treatment for Thoracolumbar Burst Fracture Using Sagittal Alignment Screws and A Trauma Reduction Device

Published on: November 8, 2024

Thermal shrinkage for shoulder instability.

Alison P Toth, Russell F Warren, Frank A Petrigliano

    HSS Journal : the Musculoskeletal Journal of Hospital for Special Surgery
    |July 4, 2012
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Radiofrequency thermal capsular shrinkage for shoulder instability showed a 31% failure rate. It was effective for anterior instability but not posterior instability, indicating limited long-term efficacy for this procedure.

    Keywords:
    arthroscopic shoulder stabilizationoutcomesshoulder instabilitythermal capsulorrhaphy

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    Clinical Efficacy of Small Needle Knife Therapy on Stage I-II Frozen Shoulder
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    Clinical Efficacy of Small Needle Knife Therapy on Stage I-II Frozen Shoulder

    Published on: November 17, 2023

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    Last Updated: May 20, 2026

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    Published on: November 8, 2024

    Clinical Efficacy of Small Needle Knife Therapy on Stage I-II Frozen Shoulder
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    Clinical Efficacy of Small Needle Knife Therapy on Stage I-II Frozen Shoulder

    Published on: November 17, 2023

    Area of Science:

    • Orthopedic Surgery
    • Sports Medicine
    • Biomedical Engineering

    Background:

    • Thermal capsular shrinkage was a popular treatment for shoulder instability.
    • Limited data existed on indications and long-term efficacy.
    • Radiofrequency thermal capsular shrinkage offered a less invasive option.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To clinically evaluate radiofrequency thermal capsular shrinkage for shoulder instability.
    • To assess long-term efficacy with a minimum 2-year follow-up.
    • To define indications for the procedure.

    Main Methods:

    • Retrospective review of 101 patients with mild to moderate shoulder instability.
    • Shoulder stabilization surgery using monopolar radiofrequency thermal capsular shrinkage.
    • Follow-up included subjective questionnaires on pain, instability, and activity levels.

    Main Results:

    • Overall failure rate of 31% due to instability or pain at a mean of 39 months.
    • Effective for unidirectional anterior instability and concomitant labral repair.
    • Moderate success in multidirectional instability.
    • High failure rate (4/5) in isolated posterior instability.

    Conclusions:

    • Radiofrequency thermal capsular shrinkage has a significant failure rate, questioning its general efficacy.
    • The procedure is effective for specific cases like anterior instability with labral repair.
    • It is not recommended for isolated posterior shoulder instability.