Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Special Features of Adaptive Immunity01:20

Special Features of Adaptive Immunity

The adaptive immune system, a crucial component of the overall immune response, offers a highly specialized defense against pathogens. It involves specific cell types and features, enabling it to combat infections effectively and efficiently.
The primary cell types involved in adaptive immunity are T cells and B cells. Each type has a unique role in defending the body against pathogens. T cells are responsible for cell-mediated immunity. They identify and eliminate infected cells directly,...
Cell-mediated Immune Responses01:40

Cell-mediated Immune Responses

Overview
T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response01:23

Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response

The T and B lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system develop from common lymphoid progenitor cells in the bone marrow. These progenitors give rise to precursors that eventually develop into both T and B lymphocytes. As these precursors mature, they gain the ability to detect and respond to foreign antigens in the body, a process known as immunocompetence. Additionally, these precursors acquire self-tolerance, a process that ensures they do not react to self-antigens. This intricate system...
Transduction01:16

Transduction

Among the three main modes of HGT—transformation, conjugation, and transduction—transduction is unique in that it is mediated by bacteriophages, or bacterial viruses.Transduction occurs in two ways. Generalized transduction occurs during the lytic cycle of a bacteriophage infection. In this process, bacteriophages infect bacterial cells, replicate within them, and ultimately cause cell lysis, releasing newly assembled virions. Occasionally, random fragments of the bacterial genome are...
T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Foxp3 drives context-dependent epigenetic programs that define regulatory T cell molecular identity and function.

Science immunology·2026
Same author

PD-1 antibody-bound progenitor-exhausted CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells in lymph nodes boost PD-1-blockade anti-tumor immunity in gastrointestinal cancer.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

Stable and functional regulatory T cell attenuates fibrotic remodeling in heart failure.

Regenerative therapy·2026
Same author

T Cell Receptor Signaling and Immune Tolerance: From Autoimmunity to Cancer Immunity.

Annual review of immunology·2026
Same author

Mycobacterial α-glucans hijack dectin-1 to facilitate intracellular bacterial survival.

Science immunology·2026
Same author

ROSE12, a novel anti-CTLA-4 FcγRs binding-enhanced antibody activated by extracellular adenosine triphosphate, shows tumor-selective regulatory T-cell depletion and antitumor efficacy without systemic immune activation.

Journal for immunotherapy of cancer·2026
Same journal

Research advances and application prospects of CAR-T therapy in the treatment of age-related diseases.

Frontiers in immunology·2026
Same journal

Machine learning-driven identification and immunohistochemical validation of an integrated immune-inflammatory phenotype for disease-free survival stratification in breast cancer.

Frontiers in immunology·2026
Same journal

Modified treatment protocol for pediatric systemic lupus erythematosus-associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis with central nervous system involvement: a case report.

Frontiers in immunology·2026
Same journal

Exploratory characterization of IgG1/IgG4 glycosylation and monocyte-derived dendritic cell responses in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

Frontiers in immunology·2026
Same journal

JAK-STAT pathway-associated skin diseases: a refined functional framework for inflammatory skin diseases.

Frontiers in immunology·2026
Same journal

Cross-talk among novel programmed cell death pathways: a decisive network in renal ischemia-reperfusion injury.

Frontiers in immunology·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 20, 2026

Adenoviral Transduction of Naive CD4 T Cells to Study Treg Differentiation
15:33

Adenoviral Transduction of Naive CD4 T Cells to Study Treg Differentiation

Published on: August 13, 2013

Multiple treg suppressive modules and their adaptability.

James B Wing1, Shimon Sakaguchi

  • 1Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Japan.

Frontiers in Immunology
|July 4, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells (Tregs) are crucial for immune balance. This review explores how Tregs adapt their suppressive functions to inflammation sites, proposing a modular model for their behavior.

Keywords:
CTLA-4Tregsadaptabilitysuppressiontranscription factors

More Related Videos

Generation of Induced Regulatory T Cells from Primary Human Na&iuml;ve and Memory T Cells
14:23

Generation of Induced Regulatory T Cells from Primary Human Naïve and Memory T Cells

Published on: April 16, 2012

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 20, 2026

Adenoviral Transduction of Naive CD4 T Cells to Study Treg Differentiation
15:33

Adenoviral Transduction of Naive CD4 T Cells to Study Treg Differentiation

Published on: August 13, 2013

Generation of Induced Regulatory T Cells from Primary Human Na&iuml;ve and Memory T Cells
14:23

Generation of Induced Regulatory T Cells from Primary Human Naïve and Memory T Cells

Published on: April 16, 2012

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cellular Biology

Background:

  • Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells (Tregs) are essential for controlling autoimmunity and inflammation.
  • Multiple Treg suppression mechanisms exist, but their interactions remain unclear.
  • Tregs exhibit adaptability, migrating to inflammation sites and performing additional suppressive functions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the adaptability of Tregs in response to inflammatory stimuli.
  • To propose a modular model for Treg suppressive function.
  • To elucidate the full spectrum of Treg suppressive behavior.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of Treg suppressive mechanisms and adaptability.
  • Analysis of Treg interactions with inflammatory environments.
  • Development of a conceptual modular model for Treg function.

Main Results:

  • Tregs possess core suppressive mechanisms but can adapt their functions.
  • Treg adaptability involves homing to inflammation sites and exerting ancillary suppressive functions.
  • A modular model is proposed to explain Treg flexibility.

Conclusions:

  • Treg adaptability is a key factor in their suppressive behavior.
  • Understanding Treg flexibility is crucial for comprehending their role in immune homeostasis.
  • The modular model offers a framework for future research into Treg function.