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Related Concept Videos

Types of Genetic Transfer Between Organisms02:18

Types of Genetic Transfer Between Organisms

Genetic transfer occurs when genetic information is passed from one organism to another. It occurs via two mechanisms: vertical gene transfer and horizontal gene transfer. Vertical gene transfer occurs when genetic information is transferred from one generation to the next, which happens much more frequently than horizontal gene transfer. Both sexual and asexual reproduction are forms of vertical gene transfer, where one or more organisms pass some or all of their genome onto their progeny.
Types of Genetic Transfer Between Organisms02:18

Types of Genetic Transfer Between Organisms

Genetic transfer occurs when genetic information is passed from one organism to another. It occurs via two mechanisms: vertical gene transfer and horizontal gene transfer. Vertical gene transfer occurs when genetic information is transferred from one generation to the next, which happens much more frequently than horizontal gene transfer. Both sexual and asexual reproduction are forms of vertical gene transfer, where one or more organisms pass some or all of their genome onto their progeny.
Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes03:21

Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes

While every living organism has a genome of some kind (be it RNA, or DNA), there is considerable variation in the sizes of these blueprints. One major factor that impacts genome size is whether the organism is prokaryotic or eukaryotic. In prokaryotes, the genome contains little to no non-coding sequence, such that genes are tightly clustered in groups or operons sequentially along the chromosome. Conversely, the genes in eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of non-coding sequence.
Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes03:21

Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes

While every living organism has a genome of some kind (be it RNA, or DNA), there is considerable variation in the sizes of these blueprints. One major factor that impacts genome size is whether the organism is prokaryotic or eukaryotic. In prokaryotes, the genome contains little to no non-coding sequence, such that genes are tightly clustered in groups or operons sequentially along the chromosome. Conversely, the genes in eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of non-coding sequence.
Gene Evolution - Fast or Slow?02:05

Gene Evolution - Fast or Slow?

The genomes of eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of sequence which do not code for proteins or RNAs. Although some of these regions do contain crucial regulatory sequences, the vast majority of this DNA serves no known function. Typically, these regions of the genome are the ones in which the fastest change, in evolutionary terms, is observed, because there is typically little to no selection pressure acting on these regions to preserve their sequences.
In contrast, regions which code...
Gene Evolution - Fast or Slow?02:05

Gene Evolution - Fast or Slow?

The genomes of eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of sequence which do not code for proteins or RNAs. Although some of these regions do contain crucial regulatory sequences, the vast majority of this DNA serves no known function. Typically, these regions of the genome are the ones in which the fastest change, in evolutionary terms, is observed, because there is typically little to no selection pressure acting on these regions to preserve their sequences.
In contrast, regions which code...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 20, 2026

Using Phylogenetic Analysis to Investigate Eukaryotic Gene Origin
08:57

Using Phylogenetic Analysis to Investigate Eukaryotic Gene Origin

Published on: August 14, 2018

Phylogenomic approaches underestimate eukaryotic gene transfer.

Jan Andersson1

  • 1Department of Cell and Molecular Biology; Science for Life Laboratory; Uppsala University; Uppsala, Sweden.

Mobile Genetic Elements
|July 4, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Gene transfer in eukaryotes is more common than previously thought, involving multiple events between and within life domains. Traditional methods miss many gene transfer instances, necessitating new analytical assumptions for accurate genome-wide studies.

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Genome-wide Surveillance of Transcription Errors in Eukaryotic Organisms
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Genome-wide Surveillance of Transcription Errors in Eukaryotic Organisms

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Last Updated: May 20, 2026

Using Phylogenetic Analysis to Investigate Eukaryotic Gene Origin
08:57

Using Phylogenetic Analysis to Investigate Eukaryotic Gene Origin

Published on: August 14, 2018

Heuristic Mining of Hierarchical Genotypes and Accessory Genome Loci in Bacterial Populations
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Heuristic Mining of Hierarchical Genotypes and Accessory Genome Loci in Bacterial Populations

Published on: December 7, 2021

Genome-wide Surveillance of Transcription Errors in Eukaryotic Organisms
09:30

Genome-wide Surveillance of Transcription Errors in Eukaryotic Organisms

Published on: September 13, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Phylogenomic analyses indicate eukaryotes acquire genes through gene transfer.
  • Traditional methods often focus only on prokaryotic transfers and assume rarity, potentially overlooking many events.
  • Previous studies suggest gene transfer impacts diverse eukaryotic lineages significantly.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the frequency and complexity of gene transfer events in eukaryotes.
  • To challenge the assumptions of traditional phylogenomic approaches regarding gene transfer rarity.
  • To highlight the need for more realistic assumptions in genome-wide gene transfer studies.

Main Methods:

  • Identification and evolutionary history analysis of 49 proteins shared between Dictyostelium and bacteria.
  • Comparative phylogenomic analysis of gene families across multiple domains of life.
  • Evaluation of gene transfer events using directed studies and traditional phylogenomic screening.

Main Results:

  • The vast majority of the 49 analyzed gene families showed strong evidence of gene transfer.
  • Gene transfers were detected both between and within the three domains of life (prokaryotes, eukaryotes, archaea).
  • Only one gene transfer candidate was identified using traditional phylogenomic approaches, indicating high false-negative rates.

Conclusions:

  • Traditional phylogenomic assumptions about gene transfer rarity in eukaryotes are too simplistic.
  • A significant number of gene transfer events are missed by current standard methods.
  • More realistic and comprehensive assumptions are crucial for accurate genome-wide studies of eukaryotic gene transfer.