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Evaluating the Electrochemical Properties of Supercapacitors using the Three-Electrode System

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Supercapacitors based on pillared graphene nanostructures.

Jian Lin¹, Jiebin Zhong, Duoduo Bao

¹Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.

Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology

|July 5, 2012

Summary

Highly conductive, flexible pillared graphene nanostructure (PGN) films were fabricated for electric double layer capacitors (EDLCs). Nitric acid treatment enhanced specific capacitance, leading to high energy density supercapacitors.

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Nanotechnology
Electrochemistry

Background:

Developing advanced electrode materials is crucial for high-performance energy storage devices.
Flexible and conductive materials are sought after for next-generation electronics and capacitors.

Purpose of the Study:

To fabricate highly conductive and large-area three-dimensional pillared graphene nanostructure (PGN) films.
To investigate the application of these PGN films in electric double layer capacitors (EDLCs).
To optimize PGN properties through nitric acid treatment for enhanced capacitance.

Main Methods:

Fabrication of PGN films using a one-step chemical vapor deposition on flexible copper foils.
Characterization of PGN films using Raman spectroscopy to confirm multi-walled carbon nanotube presence and morphology.

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Fabrication and testing of EDLC devices utilizing PGN electrodes.

Main Results:

PGN films exhibited high conductivity (sheet resistance as low as 1.6 ohms/sq) and mechanical flexibility.
Nitric acid treatment significantly increased the specific capacitance of the devices.
EDLC devices demonstrated a specific capacitance of 330 F/g and an energy density of 45.8 Wh/kg.

Conclusions:

The developed PGN films are highly conductive, mechanically flexible, and suitable for EDLC applications.
Nitric acid treatment is an effective method for enhancing the electrochemical performance of PGN-based electrodes.
These hybrid graphene-CNT nanostructures show promise for supercapacitors, fuel cells, and batteries.