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Pharmaceutical Poisoning: Potential Scenarios

Pharmaceutical Poisoning: Potential Scenarios

Pharmaceutical poisoning can occur through various channels, impacting an estimated 2 million hospitalized patients in the U.S. annually with serious adverse drug responses. These scenarios encompass both therapeutic uses, such as drug toxicity, where even standard dosages can lead to severe central nervous system depression, and non-therapeutic exposures, including accidental ingestion by children, and environmental and occupational exposures.Unintentional poisonings often involve exploratory...

Prevention of Further Absorption of Poison

Prevention of Further Absorption of Poison

In cases of acute poisoning, the primary objective is to prevent further absorption of the toxic substance into the body. Immediate interventions using various decontamination techniques targeting the gastrointestinal (GI) tract can achieve this. Decontamination is crucial to prevent poison from entering the systemic circulation, which involves washing affected areas with water and mild soap and removing contaminated clothing. Once external decontamination is done, attention must be turned to...

Anticholinesterase Agents: Poisoning and Treatment

Anticholinesterase Agents: Poisoning and Treatment

Anticholinesterases, also known as cholinesterase inhibitors, work by blocking the breakdown of acetylcholine, leading to its accumulation in the synaptic cleft. This accumulation indirectly enhances both muscarinic and nicotinic actions. These agents are classified as reversible or irreversible based on their mechanism of action.
Irreversible agents form a strong bond with the cholinesterase enzyme, making it inactive. The breakdown of the phosphorylated enzyme is slower than the...

Pharmaceutical Poisoning: Treatment Strategies

Pharmaceutical Poisoning: Treatment Strategies

Treatment strategies for poisoning are a critical aspect of emergency medicine, focusing on preventing the absorption of toxins and enhancing their elimination. When a poisoning incident occurs, the first response is to halt exposure and decontaminate the patient, particularly through gastrointestinal (GI) methods if the poison was ingested.Gastrointestinal Decontamination Techniques:Activated charcoal is the cornerstone of GI decontamination. It works through adsorption, binding the toxin to...

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Overview and Drug Absorption

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Overview and Drug Absorption

Understanding the physiological differences in the pediatric population is crucial for effective pharmacotherapy. Neonates, infants, and children exhibit significant variations in gastric pH, gastric emptying time, intestinal transit time, and biliary function. These variations profoundly affect oral drug absorption, necessitating a nuanced approach to pediatric dosing.Neonates present with a unique physiological profile, having a gastric pH greater than 4 and faster and more irregular gastric...

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Updated: May 20, 2026

Handheld Metal Detector Screening for Metallic Foreign Body Ingestion in Children

Handheld Metal Detector Screening for Metallic Foreign Body Ingestion in Children

Published on: September 11, 2018

Accidental poisoning in children.

Syed Kashif Abbas¹, Shiyam Sundar Tikmani, Nida Tariq Siddiqui

¹Department of Accident and Emergency, Liaquat National Hospital, Karachi.

JPMA. the Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association

|July 5, 2012

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Acute poisoning in children is a concern, with pharmaceutical products being the most common cause. Further research is needed to identify risk factors for accidental poisoning in pediatric populations.

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Area of Science:

Pediatric Emergency Medicine
Toxicology
Public Health

Background:

Acute poisoning in children presents a significant public health challenge.
Understanding poisoning patterns is crucial for developing targeted prevention strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the epidemiological patterns of acute poisoning among children treated at Liaquat National Hospital, Karachi.
To identify common sources and outcomes of acute poisoning in pediatric patients.

Main Methods:

A one-year descriptive study was conducted in a Paediatric Emergency Unit.
Data was collected from hospital records of children under 12 with accidental toxic substance exposure.
Outcomes analyzed included admission, discharge, and leaving against medical advice (LAMA).

Main Results:

43 cases of accidental poisoning were recorded, representing 0.58% of emergency visits.
Children under 3 years old constituted the majority of cases (46.5%).
Pharmaceutical products (34.9%) were the leading cause, followed by kerosene, organophosphorous, alkali, and acid ingestions.

Conclusions:

Acute poisoning in children, though a small percentage of emergency visits, requires attention.
Pharmaceutical agents are a frequent source of pediatric poisoning.
Further investigation into risk factors for childhood poisoning is recommended.