Structure and evolution of strange attractors in non-elastic triangular billiards

We study non-elastic billiard dynamics in an equilateral triangular table. In such dynamics, collisions with the walls of the table are not elastic, as in standard billiards; rather, the outgoing angle of the trajectory with the normal vector to the boundary at the point of collision is a uniform factor λ < 1 smaller than the incoming angle. This leads to contraction in phase space for the discrete-time dynamics between consecutive collisions, and hence to attractors of zero Lebesgue measure, which are almost always fractal strange attractors with chaotic dynamics, due to the presence of an expansion mechanism. We study the structure of these strange attractors and their evolution as the contraction parameter λ is varied. For λ∈(0,1/3), we prove rigorously that the attractor has the structure of a Cantor set times an interval, whereas for larger values of λ gaps arise in the Cantor structure. For λ close to 1, the attractor splits into three transitive components, whose basins of attraction have fractal boundaries.