Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 20, 2026

Surgical Approach to Full Soft Tissue Face Allograft Procurement for Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation
Published on: December 30, 2025
Anatomic guidelines for augmentation of the cheek and infraorbital hollow
Jean Carruthers1, Berthold Rzany, Gerhard Sattler
1Department of Ophthalmology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. drjean@carruthers.net
Background:
Mid-face reflation requires a sophisticated knowledge of bony and soft tissue anatomy.
Objective:
To blend knowledge of the relevant anatomy with clinical experience to generate procedural guidelines for reproducible volumization of the midface.
Methods And Materials:
A demonstration of cadaver head dissection was followed by injection of colored hyaluronic acid and calcium hydroxylapatite fillers into cadaver heads in the anatomy laboratory. The injected cadaver heads were then dissected to assess the anatomical position of the injected fillers. Live patient injections followed using the anatomic learning.
Results:
Best practice guidelines for midface and infraorbital hollow injections were discussed.
Conclusions:
Aesthetic augmentation of the midface requires knowledge of the properties of each filler and of the underlying anatomy, as well as an understanding and documentation of the subject's aesthetic concerns.
Related Concept Videos
Muscles for Facial Expressions
Cranial Bones: Lateral View
The temporal bone forms the lower lateral side of the skull. The temporal bone is subdivided into several regions. The flattened upper portion is the squamous portion of the temporal bone. Below this area and projecting anteriorly is the zygomatic process of the temporal bone, which forms the posterior portion of the zygomatic arch. Posteriorly is the mastoid portion of the temporal bone. Projecting...
Cranial Bones: Superior and Posterior View
The frontal bone is the single bone that forms the forehead. At its anterior midline, between the eyebrows, there is a slight depression called the glabella. The frontal bone also forms the supraorbital margin of the orbit. Near the middle of this margin is the supraorbital foramen, the opening that provides passage for a sensory nerve to the forehead. The frontal bone is thickened just above each supraorbital margin,...
Assessment of Airway, Skin Color, and Use of Accessory Muscles
Introduction
The initial evaluation of a patient's respiratory system...

