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Related Concept Videos

Histone Variants at the Centromere02:30

Histone Variants at the Centromere

Histone variants are the histone proteins with structural and sequence variations. These variants may be regarded as “mutant” forms that replace their canonical histone counterparts in the nucleosomes. Specific post-translational modifications on the histone variants enable further chromatin complexity and regulate tissue-specific gene expression. The most common histone variants are from histone H2A, H2B, and linker histone H1 families. However, several variants of histone H3 variants are also...
Histone Modification02:32

Histone Modification

The histone proteins have a flexible N-terminal tail extending out from the nucleosome. These histone tails are often subjected to post-translational modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. Particular combinations of these modifications form “histone codes” that influence the chromatin folding and tissue-specific gene expression.
Acetylation
The enzyme histone acetyltransferase adds acetyl group to the histones. Another enzyme, histone deacetylase,...
Histone Modification02:32

Histone Modification

The histone proteins have a flexible N-terminal tail extending out from the nucleosome. These histone tails are often subjected to post-translational modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. Particular combinations of these modifications form “histone codes” that influence the chromatin folding and tissue-specific gene expression.
Acetylation
The enzyme histone acetyltransferase adds acetyl group to the histones. Another enzyme, histone deacetylase,...
Combinatorial Gene Control02:33

Combinatorial Gene Control

Combinatorial gene control is the synergistic action of several transcriptional factors to regulate the expression of a single gene. The absence of one or more of these factors may lead to a significant difference in the level of gene expression or repression.
The expression of more than 30,000 genes is controlled by approximately 2000-3000 transcription factors. This is possible because a single transcription factor can recognize more than one regulatory sequence. The specificity in gene...
Heterochromatin02:38

Heterochromatin

The extent of chromatin compaction can be studied by staining chromatin using specific DNA binding dyes. Under the microscope, the dense-compacted regions that take up more dye are called heterochromatin. Heterochromatin is further classified into two forms – constitutive heterochromatin and facultative heterochromatin.
Constitutive heterochromatin: It is a highly compact region of chromatin that is mostly concentrated in the centromere and telomere. Unlike euchromatin, the amino acid at 9th...
Condensins02:15

Condensins

Condensins are large protein complexes that use ATP to fuel the assembly of chromosomes during mitosis. They transform the tangled, shapeless mass of post-interphase DNA into individualized chromosomes by compacting, organizing, and segregating chromosomal DNA.
The plant and animal cells contain two types of condensin complexes—condensin I and condensin II. Both complexes have five subunits: two SMC (Structural Maintenance of Chromosomes) subunits, a kleisin subunit, and two HEAT-repeat...

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Deciphering Molecular Mechanism of Histone Assembly by DNA Curtain Technique
06:32

Deciphering Molecular Mechanism of Histone Assembly by DNA Curtain Technique

Published on: March 9, 2022

Finding combinatorial histone code by semi-supervised biclustering.

Li Teng1, Kai Tan

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.

BMC Genomics
|July 5, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A new algorithm, SS-CoSBI, analyzes multiple histone modification maps to identify combinatorial patterns. This method enhances the understanding of epigenetic regulation in human enhancers and gene expression.

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Last Updated: May 20, 2026

Deciphering Molecular Mechanism of Histone Assembly by DNA Curtain Technique
06:32

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Published on: March 9, 2022

Hi-C: A Method to Study the Three-dimensional Architecture of Genomes.
22:27

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Published on: May 6, 2010

An Integrated Platform for Genome-wide Mapping of Chromatin States Using High-throughput ChIP-sequencing in Tumor Tissues
10:41

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Area of Science:

  • Epigenetics
  • Genomics
  • Computational Biology

Background:

  • Combinatorial histone modification regulates chromatin state and gene expression.
  • Genome-wide histone modification maps are accumulating rapidly.
  • Computational methods for joint analysis of multiple maps are needed.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a computational method for joint analysis of multiple histone modification maps.
  • To identify combinatorial histone modification patterns in human enhancers.
  • To investigate the relationship between enhancer histone modifications and gene expression.

Main Methods:

  • Development of the Semi-Supervised Coherent and Shifted Bicluster Identification algorithm (SS-CoSBI).
  • Utilizing co-occurrence frequencies of histone modifications as probabilistic priors.
  • Applying SS-CoSBI to analyze histone modification data from human enhancers.

Main Results:

  • SS-CoSBI outperforms previous methods in identifying enhancer-enriched biclusters.
  • Identified cell-type-specific combinatorial histone modification states in human enhancers.
  • Found correlations between enhancer histone modification states and nearby gene expression.
  • Observed interplay between H3K4me1 and DNA methylation affecting enhancer activity.

Conclusions:

  • SS-CoSBI provides a systematic characterization of combinatorial histone codes in human enhancers.
  • The algorithm is valuable for analyzing accumulating epigenomic data.
  • Findings suggest functional interplay between histone modifications and DNA methylation in modulating enhancer activity.