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Related Concept Videos

Fractures: Bone Repair01:27

Fractures: Bone Repair

Treatment for a fracture is based on the type of break, the bone affected, and the patient's age.
Minor fractures with no bone displacement are treated by immobilizing the fractured bone using a cast or splint. However, in the case of fractures with displaced bones, the broken bones are repositioned before immobilization to ensure successful healing without deformation and loss of function. The realignment of fractured bone ends is performed through a process called reduction. If the procedure...
Ankle Joint01:10

Ankle Joint

The ankle is formed by the talocrural joint (crural = leg). It consists of the articulations between the talus bone of the foot and the distal ends of the tibia and fibula of the leg. The superior aspect of the talus bone is square-shaped and has three areas of articulation. The top of the talus articulates with the inferior tibia. This is the portion of the ankle joint that carries the body weight between the leg and foot. The sides of the talus are firmly held in position by the articulations...
Changes in the Appendicular Skeleton with Age01:09

Changes in the Appendicular Skeleton with Age

The upper and lower limb initially develops as a small bulge called a limb bud, which appears on the lateral side of the early embryo. The upper limb bud appears near the end of the fourth week of development, with the lower limb bud appearing shortly after.
Initially, the limb buds consist of a core of mesenchyme covered by a layer of ectoderm. The ectoderm at the end of the limb bud thickens to form a narrow crest called the apical ectodermal ridge. This ridge stimulates the underlying...
Bones of the Lower Limb: Tibia and Fibula01:10

Bones of the Lower Limb: Tibia and Fibula

The tibia is the main weight-bearing bone of the lower leg. It is larger than the fibula with which it is paired. The tibia is also the second longest bone in the body and is located right below the skin. The proximal end of the tibia forms the medial and the lateral condyle, which articulates with the condyles of the femur to form the knee joint. Between the articulating surfaces is the irregular elevated area known as the intercondylar eminence that serves as the inferior attachment point for...
Bones of the Lower Limb: Femur and Patella01:16

Bones of the Lower Limb: Femur and Patella

The femur is the body's longest and strongest bone spanning the thigh region. Its head articulates with the acetabulum of the hip bone to form the hip joint. A minor indentation on the medial side of the femoral head, called the fovea capitis, serves as the site of attachment for the ligament of the head of the femur. This weak ligament spans the femur and acetabulum and supports the hip joint. The narrowed region below the head is the neck of the femur. The inclination angle between the neck...
Flail Chest-I01:24

Flail Chest-I

Overview of Flail Chest
Flail chest is a severe and potentially life-threatening condition characterized by the fracture of three or more adjacent ribs in multiple places. It is most commonly caused by direct impacts and trauma, such as motor vehicle accidents or injuries from a steering wheel impact. It can also occur due to falls in elderly individuals with osteoporosis, or assaults involving sharp objects.
Pathophysiology
The pathophysiology of flail chest is complex, involving fractures of...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 20, 2026

A Mouse Model of Ankle-Subtalar Complex Joint Instability
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Published on: October 28, 2022

Ankle fractures in children.

Ethan W Blackburn1, David D Aronsson, James H Rubright

  • 1Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, McClure Musculoskeletal Research Center, Robert T. Stafford Hall, Fourth Floor, University of Vermont, 95 Carrigan Drive, Burlington, VT 05405-0084, USA.

The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. American Volume
|July 5, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Computed tomography aids in planning and assessing pediatric ankle fractures. Nondisplaced fractures are managed with casts, while severe injuries may require surgery to prevent deformities.

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedics
  • Pediatric Orthopedics
  • Radiology

Background:

  • Intra-articular pediatric ankle fractures require careful management.
  • Assessing these injuries impacts treatment decisions and long-term outcomes.
  • Growth plate involvement necessitates vigilant monitoring.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline the role of computed tomography in managing pediatric ankle fractures.
  • To describe treatment strategies for displaced and nondisplaced fractures.
  • To emphasize the importance of monitoring physeal injuries for growth disturbances.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature and clinical guidelines.
  • Analysis of imaging modalities, particularly computed tomography.
  • Discussion of surgical versus non-surgical management options.

Main Results:

  • Computed tomography is valuable for preoperative planning and postreduction assessment.
  • Nondisplaced fractures are managed non-operatively with radiographic follow-up.
  • Open reduction and internal fixation are indicated for specific fracture types with significant articular displacement.

Conclusions:

  • Effective management of pediatric ankle fractures combines appropriate imaging with tailored treatment.
  • Close follow-up is crucial for physeal injuries to prevent growth arrest and angular deformities.
  • Surgical intervention should be considered for unstable fractures to ensure optimal joint congruity.