[Headache from increased cerebrospinal fluid pressure]

Increased cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pressure is often accompanied by headache. The term idiopathic intracranial hypertension (pseudotumor cerebri) describes an increase in CSF pressure without a space-occupying intracranial lesion or hydrocephalus. After headaches, visual field defects are the second most common feature. Therapeutic measures include both drugs and surgical procedures. In high-pressure hydrocephalus, the volume of the CSF is increased, resulting either from increased production or reduced absorption. If an acquired or congenital obstruction of the ventricular system can be demonstrated, the term non-communicating hydrocephalus is used. In contrast, the CSF passage is blocked outside the ventricles in communicating hydrocephalus. Symptoms include diffuse headache worsening in the morning and with the Valsalva-like maneuver. Treatment is guided by etiology whenever possible; otherwise, drainage of CSF by ventriculostomy or shunt is necessary.