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Establishment of the Dual Humanized TK-NOG Mouse Model for HIV-associated Liver Pathogenesis
10:12

Establishment of the Dual Humanized TK-NOG Mouse Model for HIV-associated Liver Pathogenesis

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The burden of liver disease in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients

Massimo Puoti1, Maria Cristina Moioli, Giovanna Travi

  • 1Department of Infectious Diseases, AO Ospedale Niguarda Ca' Granda, Milano, Italy. massimopuoti@libero.it

Seminars in Liver Disease
|July 5, 2012
PubMed

Insights

Effective HIV treatment has increased liver disease in patients. Viral hepatitis coinfections, drug toxicity, and alcohol contribute to liver damage, necessitating vaccinations like anti-HAV for those with HIV.

Area of Science:

  • Hepatology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Combined antiretroviral therapy transformed human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) into a chronic condition.
  • Liver disease is a leading cause of death in HIV-infected individuals, often due to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma from hepatitis B and C coinfections.
  • Antiretroviral drug toxicity, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, alcohol consumption, and viral hepatitis E and A infections also contribute to liver injury in this population.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the spectrum of liver diseases affecting individuals living with HIV.
  • To highlight the increasing incidence of noncirrhotic portal hypertension.
  • To emphasize the importance of vaccination against hepatitis A virus (HAV) in at-risk HIV-positive individuals.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of existing research on liver disease in HIV-infected populations.
  • Analysis of etiological factors contributing to liver morbidity and mortality.
  • Evaluation of current recommendations for liver disease management and prevention in HIV.

Main Results:

  • Hepatitis C virus and hepatitis B virus coinfections are primary drivers of mortality through cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma.
  • Alcohol consumption plays a significant role in liver injury.
  • Noncirrhotic portal hypertension is an emerging concern, and acute/chronic hepatitis E and A infections are reported causes of liver damage.

Conclusions:

  • HIV management has shifted focus towards managing chronic comorbidities, including liver disease.
  • Comprehensive strategies addressing viral coinfections, drug toxicity, alcohol use, and vaccinations are crucial for improving outcomes in HIV patients.
  • Anti-HAV vaccination is recommended for at-risk individuals living with HIV to prevent HAV-related liver damage.

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