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Drugs for Treatment of Constipation-Predominant IBS

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Pharmacological therapies for IBS-C are designed to alleviate abdominal discomfort and enhance bowel function. In patients with IBS-C, fiber supplements may help soften stools and decrease straining, but may also lead to increased gas production and bloating. Osmotic laxatives like milk of magnesia are frequently used to soften stools and increase stool frequency in IBS-C patients. In addition, two drugs approved for use in severe IBS-C adult cases are linaclotide (Linzess) and lubiprostone...

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Diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D) is a subtype of IBS characterized primarily by frequent, loose, or watery stools, abdominal pain, and abdominal discomfort. Therapeutic approaches to managing IBS-D include dietary changes, stress management techniques, and pharmaceutical interventions.
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Updated: May 20, 2026

Fecal Microbiota Transplantation via Colonoscopy for Recurrent C. difficile Infection

Fecal Microbiota Transplantation via Colonoscopy for Recurrent C. difficile Infection

Published on: December 8, 2014

Constipation in Clostridium difficile infection.

Hameem I Kawsar¹, K V Gopal, Jamila Shahnewaz

¹Department of Medicine, Fairview Hospital, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.

BMJ Case Reports

|July 5, 2012

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Clostridium difficile infection can cause severe respiratory distress and multi-organ failure, even without typical gastrointestinal symptoms. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial for patients with worsening respiratory symptoms and elevated white blood cell counts.

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Culturing and Maintaining Clostridium difficile in an Anaerobic Environment

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Published on: September 14, 2013

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Last Updated: May 20, 2026

Fecal Microbiota Transplantation via Colonoscopy for Recurrent C. difficile Infection

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Published on: December 8, 2014

Culturing and Maintaining Clostridium difficile in an Anaerobic Environment

Culturing and Maintaining Clostridium difficile in an Anaerobic Environment

Published on: September 14, 2013

Area of Science:

Infectious Diseases
Critical Care Medicine
Gastroenterology

Background:

Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) is a significant cause of healthcare-associated diarrhea.
Atypical presentations of CDI, particularly respiratory involvement, are less commonly recognized.

Observation:

A patient presented with progressive respiratory distress and cough following a viral-like illness.
Despite initial treatment with antibiotics and steroids, the patient's condition worsened with increasing leucocyte count.
Stool analysis confirmed Clostridium difficile toxin, and abdominal imaging revealed cecal and proximal colon distension.

Findings:

The patient was diagnosed with Clostridium difficile infection presenting atypically with respiratory symptoms.
Treatment with metronidazole, vancomycin, and intravenous immunoglobulin was initiated.
Despite aggressive management, the patient developed multi-organ failure and succumbed to the illness.

Implications:

This case highlights the importance of considering Clostridium difficile infection in patients with unexplained respiratory deterioration, even in the absence of diarrhea.
Atypical presentations of CDI can mimic other severe conditions, necessitating a high index of suspicion and prompt diagnostic testing.
Understanding the spectrum of CDI manifestations is critical for timely and effective patient management in critical care settings.