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Alcohol dependence associated with increased utilitarian moral judgment: a case control study.

Lotfi Khemiri1, Joar Guterstam, Johan Franck

  • 1Division of Psychiatry, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. lotfi.khemiri@stud.ki.se

Plos One
|July 5, 2012
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Summary

Alcohol dependence (AD) patients show increased utilitarian moral judgments in personal dilemmas, suggesting ventromedial prefrontal cortex (VMPC) dysfunction impacts moral reasoning. This study highlights a new neuropsychological aspect of AD.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychology

Background:

  • Emotional processes mediated by the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (VMPC) are crucial for moral judgment.
  • VMPC dysfunction in neurological patients leads to increased utilitarian moral judgments in personal dilemmas.
  • Alcohol dependence (AD) is associated with prefrontal cortex impairments, but its effect on moral reasoning is unknown.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate moral judgment in alcohol-dependent patients compared to healthy controls.
  • To determine if alcohol dependence is associated with increased utilitarian moral reasoning, particularly in emotionally salient personal dilemmas.

Main Methods:

  • 20 patients with alcohol dependence and 20 matched healthy controls participated.
  • Subjects responded to 50 hypothetical dilemmas (non-moral, moral impersonal, moral personal).
  • Explicit knowledge of social and moral norms was assessed via questionnaire.

Main Results:

  • Alcohol-dependent patients exhibited significantly increased utilitarian moral judgments in personal moral dilemmas compared to controls.
  • No differences were observed in responses to non-moral or impersonal moral dilemmas.
  • Alcohol-dependent patients and controls showed similar knowledge of explicit social and moral norms.

Conclusions:

  • Alcohol dependence is associated with a tendency towards utilitarian moral judgment in emotionally salient personal dilemmas.
  • This finding may be linked to VMPC dysfunction caused by chronic alcohol exposure, leading to emotional deficits.
  • This study reveals a novel aspect of the neuropsychological profile of alcohol dependence concerning moral decision-making.