Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Cooperative Binding of Transcription Regulators

Cooperative Binding of Transcription Regulators

Transcriptional regulators bind to specific cis-regulatory sequences in the DNA to regulate gene transcription. These cis-regulatory sequences are very short, usually less than ten nucleotide pairs in length. The short length means that there is a high probability of the exact same sequence randomly occurring throughout the genome. Since regulators can also bind to groups of similar sequences, this further increases the chances of random binding. Transcriptional regulators form dimers that...

Cooperative Binding of Transcription Regulators

Cooperative Binding of Transcription Regulators

Transcriptional regulators bind to specific cis-regulatory sequences in the DNA to regulate gene transcription. These cis-regulatory sequences are very short, usually less than ten nucleotide pairs in length. The short length means that there is a high probability of the exact same sequence randomly occurring throughout the genome. Since regulators can also bind to groups of similar sequences, this further increases the chances of random binding. Transcriptional regulators form dimers that...

Activation and Inactivation of G Proteins

Activation and Inactivation of G Proteins

Heterotrimeric G proteins are guanine nucleotide-binding proteins. As the name suggests, heterotrimeric G proteins are composed of three subunits: alpha, beta, and gamma. They remain GDP-bound or GTP-bound inside the cells and switch between inactive/active states. The Gα subunit possesses the nucleotide-binding pocket that binds guanine nucleotides and switches between GDP or GTP-bound states. In contrast, the Gꞵ and Gγ subunits are always bound together with high affinity and are together...

Coat Assembly and GTPases

Coat Assembly and GTPases

Vesicles incorporate different coat protein subunits in different cell locations, which changes the properties of the coat, such as the shape and geometry of the transport vesicles. Thus, vesicle coat proteins also play a significant role in cargo selection.
Coat assembly depends on the local availability of phosphatidylinositol phosphates or PIPs and GTP-binding proteins. Adaptor proteins, which link the coat proteins to the membrane, bind to these PIPs and play a crucial role in controlling...

Transducer Mechanism: G Protein–Coupled Receptors

Transducer Mechanism: G Protein–Coupled Receptors

G Protein–Coupled Receptors (GPCRs) are membrane-bound receptors that transiently associate with heterotrimeric G proteins and induce an appropriate response to various stimuli. GPCRs regulate critical physiological pathways and are excellent drug targets for treating diseases such as diabetes, cancer, obesity, depression, or Alzheimer's. Nearly 35% of approved drugs implement their therapeutic effects by selectively interacting with specific GPCRs.
GPCRs are also called heptahelical, 7TM, or...

Adaptability of Cytoskeletal Filaments

Adaptability of Cytoskeletal Filaments

The cytoskeleton is a complex dynamic structure performing varied functions based on cellular requirements. The adaptability of the individual filaments in the cytoskeleton determines their ability to perform various functions within the cell. It can undergo rapid reorganization during processes like cell division or remain stable for several hours as in the interphase. The adaptability of these filaments depends on stringent regulatory mechanisms. The microfilament and microtubules of the...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

<i>Letter:</i> Exon 19 of the <i>GNPTAB</i> Gene is Indispensable for the Catalytic Activity of the Enzyme.

Human gene therapy·2026

Same author

Trends in drug-induced liver injury (DILI): a case report-based analysis of clinical presentation, severity, preventability, seriousness, and outcomes over the last decade.

Journal of basic and clinical physiology and pharmacology·2026

Same author

Subtle cellular phenotypes inform pathological and benign genetic mutants in the Iduronate-2 sulfatase gene.

Human molecular genetics·2026

Same author

Molecular insights into the regulation of GNPTαβ by LYSET.

Nature communications·2026

Same author

Metformin modulates antioxidant and anti-inflammatory biomarkers in newly diagnosed patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: an observational study.

Journal of basic and clinical physiology and pharmacology·2026

Same author

Trends and Insights in Biological Drug Approvals by the US Food and Drug Administration: 2013-2022.

Indian journal of public health·2025

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 20, 2026

Identifying Transcription Factor Olig2 Genomic Binding Sites in Acutely Purified PDGFRα+ Cells by Low-cell Chromatin Immunoprecipitation Sequencing Analysis

Identifying Transcription Factor Olig2 Genomic Binding Sites in Acutely Purified PDGFRα+ Cells by Low-cell Chromatin Immunoprecipitation Sequencing Analysis

Published on: April 16, 2018

Do GGA adaptors bind internal DXXLL motifs?

Balraj Doray¹, Saurav Misra, Yi Qian

¹Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.

Traffic (Copenhagen, Denmark)

|July 6, 2012

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Clathrin adaptor proteins called GGAs bind to internal DXXLL motifs in cargo proteins. This study provides evidence confirming this interaction, crucial for understanding protein trafficking and GGA regulation.

More Related Videos

CIRCLE-Seq for Interrogation of Off-Target Gene Editing

CIRCLE-Seq for Interrogation of Off-Target Gene Editing

Published on: November 1, 2024

DNA-affinity-purified Chip (DAP-chip) Method to Determine Gene Targets for Bacterial Two component Regulatory Systems

DNA-affinity-purified Chip (DAP-chip) Method to Determine Gene Targets for Bacterial Two component Regulatory Systems

Published on: July 21, 2014

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 20, 2026

Identifying Transcription Factor Olig2 Genomic Binding Sites in Acutely Purified PDGFRα+ Cells by Low-cell Chromatin Immunoprecipitation Sequencing Analysis

Identifying Transcription Factor Olig2 Genomic Binding Sites in Acutely Purified PDGFRα+ Cells by Low-cell Chromatin Immunoprecipitation Sequencing Analysis

Published on: April 16, 2018

CIRCLE-Seq for Interrogation of Off-Target Gene Editing

CIRCLE-Seq for Interrogation of Off-Target Gene Editing

Published on: November 1, 2024

DNA-affinity-purified Chip (DAP-chip) Method to Determine Gene Targets for Bacterial Two component Regulatory Systems

DNA-affinity-purified Chip (DAP-chip) Method to Determine Gene Targets for Bacterial Two component Regulatory Systems

Published on: July 21, 2014

Area of Science:

Cell Biology
Molecular Biology
Protein Trafficking

Background:

The GGA (Golden Golgi associated) family of clathrin adaptor proteins facilitates intracellular transport of transmembrane proteins.
GGAs recognize DXXLL-type sorting signals, initially found at the C-termini of cargo proteins.
Internal DXXLL motifs have been identified within cargo proteins and within GGAs themselves, suggesting complex regulatory roles.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate and confirm the interaction between GGA proteins and internal DXXLL sorting motifs.
To address recent challenges questioning the ability of GGAs to bind internal DXXLL signals.
To provide a foundation for identifying genuine GGA cargo and understanding GGA-mediated cellular regulation.

Main Methods:

Experimental validation of GGA binding to internal DXXLL motifs.
Review and synthesis of recent findings from other research groups on internal GGA binding motifs.
Analysis of GGA auto-regulation mechanisms involving internal DXXLL motifs.

Main Results:

Presented new evidence confirming that GGAs interact with internal DXXLL motifs.
Summarized external research supporting the binding of GGAs to internal DXXLL motifs.
Reinforced the significance of internal DXXLL motifs in GGA function and cargo recognition.

Conclusions:

GGAs effectively bind to internal DXXLL motifs, contrary to recent challenges.
This interaction is essential for accurate identification of GGA cargo and understanding GGA-mediated intracellular trafficking.
The findings clarify GGA function and regulation within the cell.