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Related Concept Videos

Colloids and Suspensions01:17

Colloids and Suspensions

2.7K
Children at play often make suspensions such as mixtures of mud and water, flour and water, or a suspension of solid pigments in water known as tempera paint. These suspensions are heterogeneous mixtures composed of relatively large particles visible to the naked eye or seen with a magnifying glass. They are cloudy, and the suspended particles settle out after mixing. The suspended particles in a suspension settle out after some time of mixing. The separation of particles from a suspension is...
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Colloids03:22

Colloids

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Children at play often make suspensions such as mixtures of mud and water, flour and water, or a suspension of solid pigments in water known as tempera paint. These suspensions are heterogeneous mixtures composed of relatively large particles that are visible to the naked eye or can be seen with a magnifying glass. They are cloudy, and the suspended particles settle out after mixing. On the other hand, a solution is a homogeneous mixture in which no settling occurs and in which the dissolved...
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Coagulation01:06

Coagulation

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Colloidal solids are solid particles suspended in solution. They are usually negatively charged, attracting a compact primary layer of positively charged ions, which attract more counterions to form an electrical double layer. Electrostatic repulsion between the charged double layers prevents the particles from colliding, stabilizing the colloids. These solids are often undesirable because they can contain toxins that are difficult to remove. Coagulation is a technique that helps aggregate and...
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Colloidal precipitates01:09

Colloidal precipitates

3.0K
The high insolubility of some precipitates can result in an unfavorable relative supersaturation. This can lead to colloidal particles with a large surface-to-mass ratio, where adsorption is promoted. For instance, in the precipitation of silver chloride, silver ions are adsorbed on the surface of the colloidal particles, forming a primary layer. This layer attracts ions of opposite charge (such as nitrate ions), forming a diffuse secondary layer of adsorbed ions. This electric double layer...
3.0K
Composition of Body Fluids01:29

Composition of Body Fluids

2.0K
Water functions as a solvent accommodating various solutes, which can be categorized under electrolytes and non-electrolytes. Non-electrolytes are usually held together by covalent bonds, restricting them from dissociating in solution, thereby leading to a lack of electrically charged components upon dissolving in water. They are predominantly organic molecules, such as glucose, creatinine, and urea. Electrolytes, on the other hand, are compounds that can break down into ions in water.
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EDTA: Auxiliary Complexing Reagents01:26

EDTA: Auxiliary Complexing Reagents

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EDTA titrations are usually carried out in highly basic conditions, where the fully deprotonated form of EDTA, Y4−, actively complexes with the free metal ions in the solution. Several metal ions precipitate as hydrous oxide (hydroxides, oxides, or oxyhydroxides) under these conditions, lowering the concentration of free metal ions in the solution. For this reason, auxiliary complexing agents or ligands such as ammonia, tartrate, citrate, or triethanolamine are used in EDTA titrations to...
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Related Experiment Video

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Synthesis and Characterization of Supramolecular Colloids
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Synthesis and Characterization of Supramolecular Colloids

Published on: April 22, 2016

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Colloid update.

Maged Y Argalious1

  • 1PACU and SDS, Anesthesiology Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA. ARGALIM@ccf.org

Current Pharmaceutical Design
|July 6, 2012
PubMed
Summary

This review examines hydroxyethyl starch (HES) colloids, detailing how different HES generations impact bleeding, kidney injury, and mortality. It also covers fluid resuscitation strategies for critically ill patients.

Area of Science:

  • Critical Care Medicine
  • Pharmacology
  • Nephrology

Background:

  • Colloids, including natural and synthetic options like hydroxyethyl starch (HES), are widely used in fluid resuscitation.
  • Different generations of HES (1st, 2nd, 3rd) possess varying physicochemical properties that may influence clinical outcomes.
  • Fluid resuscitation strategies, such as early goal-directed fluid therapy (EGDFT), are crucial in managing critically ill patients.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an evidence-based review of natural and synthetic colloids.
  • To specifically evaluate the effects of different hydroxyethyl starch generations on key clinical outcomes.
  • To present the evidence for colloid versus crystalloid resuscitation and discuss early goal-directed fluid therapy.

Main Methods:

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  • Systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing colloid and crystalloid resuscitation.
  • Analysis of studies investigating the impact of 1st, 2nd, and 3rd generation hetastarch on bleeding, coagulopathy, acute kidney injury, and mortality.
  • Review of literature supporting the principles and application of early goal-directed fluid therapy (EGDFT).

    • Main Results:

    • Evidence suggests varying effects of different hetastarch generations on patient outcomes, including potential risks.
    • Randomized controlled trials indicate significant differences in morbidity and mortality between colloid and crystalloid resuscitation in critically ill populations.
    • Dynamic measures of fluid responsiveness offer a practical approach to guide fluid therapy decisions.

    Conclusions:

    • The choice of colloid, particularly the generation of hydroxyethyl starch, has implications for patient safety and clinical outcomes.
    • Crystalloid resuscitation may be preferred in certain critically ill patient populations due to safety concerns with specific colloids.
    • Implementing EGDFT with dynamic fluid responsiveness assessment can optimize fluid management and improve patient outcomes.