Multi-detector CT in the paediatric urinary tract

Area of Science:

• Radiology
• Paediatric Imaging
• Urogenital Imaging

Background:

• Paediatric multi-slice CT (MSCT) utilization is increasing globally.
• There is a growing need for radiation dose control and appropriate application of CT in children.
• Standardized recommendations for paediatric urinary tract CT (uro-CT) are essential.

Purpose of the Study:

• To provide detailed recommendations for paediatric uro-CT.
• To discuss clinical indications and optimization strategies for paediatric CT examinations.
• To highlight age-specific considerations for uro-CT in children compared to adults.

Main Methods:

• Review and synthesis of current practices and guidelines.
• Incorporation of principles from the European Society of Paediatric Radiology (ESPR) and European Society of Urogenital Radiology (ESUR).
• Emphasis on the ALARA (As Low As Reasonably Achievable) principle.

Main Results:

• Paediatric uro-CT should be reserved for specific indications when ultrasound is inconclusive and MRI is unavailable or unsuitable.
• Protocol optimization, including age-adapted kV and mAs, is crucial.
• Minimizing the number of acquisition phases and series is recommended.

Conclusions:

• Paediatric uro-CT requires careful patient selection and protocol optimization.
• Adherence to ALARA principles ensures radiation safety in paediatric imaging.
• Tailored approaches are necessary for effective uro-CT in the paediatric population.