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Related Concept Videos

Hepatic Encephalopathy01:29

Hepatic Encephalopathy

DefinitionHepatic encephalopathy is a reversible neurologic syndrome that results from advanced liver dysfunction or portosystemic shunting. It leads to disturbances in cognition, behavior, and motor function due to the brain’s exposure to gut-derived toxins that the liver fails to detoxify.EtiologyThis condition develops either in the setting of acute fulminant hepatitis or progressively during chronic liver disease, such as cirrhosis and portal hypertension. Portosystemic shunting—including...
Brain Abscess l: Introduction01:26

Brain Abscess l: Introduction

A brain abscess is a focal, intracerebral infection characterized by a localized collection of pus within the brain parenchyma, resulting from microbial invasion and the body’s inflammatory response. It progresses through stages: early and late cerebritis, followed by early and late capsule formation, reflecting tissue destruction, immune response, and eventual encapsulation.Etiology and PathogenesisCausative organisms vary with source and host factors, often involving polymicrobial infections,...
Encephalitis ll: Pathophysiology01:26

Encephalitis ll: Pathophysiology

Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain parenchyma caused by direct viral invasion or immune-mediated mechanisms triggered by infections or tumors. Both processes lead to neuronal injury, disrupted neurotransmission, and diverse neurological symptoms, often with overlapping clinical and pathological features.Autoimmune EncephalitisIn autoimmune encephalitis, antibodies target neuronal antigens on cell surfaces, synapses, or within neurons. A key example is anti-NMDAR encephalitis, which can...
Encephalitis l: Introduction01:19

Encephalitis l: Introduction

Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain parenchyma, most often due to infections or autoimmune processes. It presents with neuropsychiatric features such as fever, altered mental status, behavioral changes, cognitive dysfunction, seizures, focal deficits, and sometimes autonomic instability. In some cases, the meninges are also involved, resulting in meningoencephalitis.Infectious CausesInfectious encephalitis is most commonly viral but can also result from bacterial, fungal, or parasitic...
Viral Meningitis01:18

Viral Meningitis

Viral meningitis is the most common form of meningitis and is often referred to as aseptic meningitis to indicate the absence of bacterial involvement. It is generally milder than bacterial meningitis, with symptoms including fever, headache, stiff neck, drowsiness, nausea, photophobia, and vomiting. Rarely, more severe manifestations or death may occur. Common causative agents include enteroviruses, particularly coxsackie A and B viruses and echoviruses, all members of the Enterovirus genus...
Bacterial Meningitis II: Pathophysiology01:26

Bacterial Meningitis II: Pathophysiology

Bacterial meningitis typically begins when pathogens such as Neisseria meningitidis and Streptococcus pneumoniae colonize the nasopharynx and invade the bloodstream. This process is facilitated by bacterial virulence factors, such as polysaccharide capsules, which resist phagocytosis and complement-mediated killing. Less commonly, bacteria reach the central nervous system via contiguous spread from infections like otitis media or sinusitis, through congenital or acquired dural defects, or...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 20, 2026

Intracranial Subarachnoidal Route of Infection for Investigating Roles of Streptococcus suis Biofilms in Meningitis in a Mouse Infection Model
07:26

Intracranial Subarachnoidal Route of Infection for Investigating Roles of Streptococcus suis Biofilms in Meningitis in a Mouse Infection Model

Published on: July 1, 2018

[Septic encephalopathy].

C Terborg1

  • 1Klinik für Neurologie, Asklepios Klinik St. Georg, Lohmühlenstraße 5, Hamburg, Germany. c.terborg@asklepios.com

Medizinische Klinik, Intensivmedizin Und Notfallmedizin
|July 6, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Septic encephalopathy, a common cause of altered brain function in intensive care units, involves diffuse brain dysfunction due to sepsis. While its exact cause is unknown, it often relates to blood flow issues and inflammation.

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Last Updated: May 20, 2026

Intracranial Subarachnoidal Route of Infection for Investigating Roles of Streptococcus suis Biofilms in Meningitis in a Mouse Infection Model
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The Pilocarpine Model of Temporal Lobe Epilepsy and EEG Monitoring Using Radiotelemetry System in Mice
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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Critical Care Medicine

Context:

  • Septic encephalopathy is the most frequent cause of altered brain function in intensive care units (ICUs).
  • It presents as diffuse cerebral dysfunction associated with sepsis, necessitating exclusion of other neurological causes.

Purpose:

  • To describe the clinical presentation, pathophysiology, diagnostic challenges, and neuropathological findings of septic encephalopathy.
  • To highlight the importance of excluding differential diagnoses and the role of neuroimaging.

Summary:

  • Septic encephalopathy is characterized by early and common alterations in consciousness, with seizures possible but asymmetric findings atypical.
  • Pathophysiology involves perfusion abnormalities and diffuse neuropathological changes like ischemia and inflammation.
  • Neuroimaging, particularly MRI, may show vasogenic edema suggestive of posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES).

Impact:

  • Emphasizes the need for thorough differential diagnosis, including stroke, meningitis, and encephalitis.
  • Highlights that while sepsis treatment is crucial, specific therapies for septic encephalopathy are currently unavailable.
  • Underscores the importance of understanding the diverse pathophysiology and diagnostic nuances for improved patient management.