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Related Concept Videos

Chambers of the Heart01:16

Chambers of the Heart

The human heart is a complex organ made up of four chambers: the right and left atria and the right and left ventricles. These internal chambers are separated by partitions known as the interatrial and interventricular septa. The exterior of the heart features a groove known as the coronary sulcus that demarcates the atria from the ventricles, while the anterior and posterior interventricular sulci distinguish between the two ventricles.
Deoxygenated blood from the body is received in the right...
Anatomy of the Heart01:27

Anatomy of the Heart

The human heart is made up of three layers of tissue that are surrounded by the pericardium, a membrane that protects and confines the heart. The outermost layer, closest to the pericardium, is the epicardium. The pericardial cavity separates the pericardium from the epicardium. Beneath the epicardium is the myocardium, the middle layer, and the endocardium, the innermost layer. There are four chambers of the heart: the right atrium, the right ventricle, the left atrium, and the left ventricle.
Anatomy of the Heart01:20

Anatomy of the Heart

The heart is a hollow, muscular organ approximately the size of a fist, consisting of four chambers. It is enclosed in the pericardium, a fibrous sac with two layers: the visceral and parietal pericardium, separated by a fluid-filled space containing serous fluid to reduce friction.
The heart has three layers: the innermost endocardium, the muscular myocardium, and the outer epicardium, all working together for optimal cardiac function.
Chambers of the Heart
The heart is made up of four...
Layers of the Heart Wall01:15

Layers of the Heart Wall

The heart wall comprises three distinct layers: the epicardium, myocardium, and endocardium. The outermost layer, the epicardium, is the visceral layer of the serous pericardium, featuring a thin, transparent mesothelial surface and an inner layer of areolar connective tissue with fat deposits that increase with age.
The myocardium, the thickest layer, consists of cardiac muscle cells interconnected by intercalated discs and crisscrossing connective tissue fibers. These muscle fibers contract...
Development of the Heart01:27

Development of the Heart

The development of the human heart, a crucial organ, commences from the mesoderm on the 18th or 19th day after fertilization. This process initiates in the cardiogenic area, a group of mesodermal cells at the embryo's head end, which evolves into elongated strands known as cardiogenic cords. These cords undergo a transformation to form hollow-centered endocardial tubes.
As the embryo undergoes lateral folding, these paired tubes approach each other, merging into a single primitive heart tube by...
Overview of the Heart01:07

Overview of the Heart

The heart, a muscular organ located in the chest, functions as the body's pump, circulating blood through the vascular system. It has four chambers: two atria on top and two ventricles below. The right atrium receives deoxygenated blood from the body and passes it to the right ventricle, which pumps it to the lungs for oxygenation. The left atrium receives oxygenated blood from the lungs and transfers it to the left ventricle, which pumps it to the rest of the body.
The heart's structure...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 20, 2026

Murine Isolated Heart Model of Myocardial Stunning Associated with Cardioplegic Arrest
08:30

Murine Isolated Heart Model of Myocardial Stunning Associated with Cardioplegic Arrest

Published on: August 6, 2015

[The choked heart].

F Furrer1, C Giambarba

  • 1Interdisziplinäre Intensivstation, Stadtspital Waid Zürich.

Praxis
|July 6, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Combining negative inotropic drugs for atrial fibrillation can cause cardiogenic shock. Levosimendan effectively reversed shock in a patient treated for beta-blocker and calcium channel blocker intoxication.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Atrial fibrillation management often involves rate control using medications with negative inotropic effects.
  • Beta-adrenergic and calcium channel blockers are commonly used but can depress cardiac function.

Observation:

  • A 77-year-old female developed cardiogenic shock after initiating or increasing doses of these medications.
  • Initial treatments including catecholamines, calcium, insulin, and phosphodiesterase inhibitors were ineffective.

Findings:

  • Levosimendan, a calcium sensitizer, was administered and successfully normalized cardiac function.
  • This highlights the potential dangers of combining negative inotropic agents.

Implications:

  • Clinicians should exercise caution when prescribing multiple drugs with negative inotropic properties for atrial fibrillation.

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Dissection Techniques and Histological Sampling of the Heart in Large Animal Models for Cardiovascular Diseases
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Dissection Techniques and Histological Sampling of the Heart in Large Animal Models for Cardiovascular Diseases

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 20, 2026

Murine Isolated Heart Model of Myocardial Stunning Associated with Cardioplegic Arrest
08:30

Murine Isolated Heart Model of Myocardial Stunning Associated with Cardioplegic Arrest

Published on: August 6, 2015

Dissection Techniques and Histological Sampling of the Heart in Large Animal Models for Cardiovascular Diseases
10:53

Dissection Techniques and Histological Sampling of the Heart in Large Animal Models for Cardiovascular Diseases

Published on: June 16, 2022

  • Understanding drug interactions and cellular effects is crucial for managing complex cardiac cases and potential drug toxicities.