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Related Concept Videos

Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview01:24

Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview

Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disease marked by recurrent, unpredictable seizures. These seizures are caused by abnormal electrical discharges in the brain, leading to behavior, sensation, or consciousness alterations. They can also cause transient impairment of awareness, interfering with daily activities.
Various factors can trigger epilepsy, including genetic factors, brain damage, metabolic causes, and unknown etiology. Diagnosis of epilepsy involves electroencephalography (EEG), which...
Seizures l: Introduction01:20

Seizures l: Introduction

Understanding seizures and epilepsy relies on key definitions that help in recognizing, classifying, and managing these disorders. These definitions provide a framework for recognizing, classifying, and managing seizure disorders.DefinitionsA seizure is a sudden, abnormal burst of electrical activity in the brain that can cause changes in awareness, movement, sensation, or behavior, depending on the area involved. Epilepsy is a chronic condition characterized by recurrent, unprovoked seizures,...
Seizures: Classification01:13

Seizures: Classification

Epilepsy is primarily characterized by unpredictable seizures, either provoked by an identifiable factor, such as injury or illness, or unprovoked, occurring spontaneously without apparent cause.
Seizures are typically classified into two main categories: focal and generalized seizures.
Focal Seizures
Focal seizures originate from specific regions of the brain. These seizures are further sub-classified into two types:
Epilepsy ll: Types01:22

Epilepsy ll: Types

Recurrent seizures, stemming from abnormal electrical activity in the brain, are the defining characteristic of epilepsy, a chronic neurological condition. Because seizure features vary greatly, epilepsy is classified using two systems: by seizure type and by epilepsy syndromes. These classifications enable clinicians to describe seizure patterns and select suitable treatment strategies.I. Classification by Seizure Type1. Focal EpilepsyFocal epilepsy begins in one hemisphere of the brain.
Seizures ll: Types01:19

Seizures ll: Types

Seizures are sudden bursts of abnormal electrical discharge in the brain that interfere with normal function. They are commonly divided into three groups: focal seizures, generalized seizures, and other types that do not fit neatly into either category.Focal SeizuresFocal seizures begin in a single brain region. When awareness is preserved, they are called focal aware seizures and may cause sensations such as tingling, unusual smells, or flashing lights. When awareness is impaired, they are...
Antiepileptic Drugs: Modulators of Neurotransmitter Release Mediated by SV2A Protein01:20

Antiepileptic Drugs: Modulators of Neurotransmitter Release Mediated by SV2A Protein

Antiepileptic drugs, such as levetiracetam (Keppra) and brivaracetam (Briviact), have emerged as crucial tools in managing epilepsy. These medications exert their therapeutic effects by targeting the synaptic vesicle protein SV2A, a transmembrane glycoprotein primarily found in the brain.
SV2A is a transmembrane glycoprotein located predominantly in the brain, modulating the release of neurotransmitters for neuronal communication. Both levetiracetam and brivaracetam exhibit a high affinity for...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 20, 2026

Generation and On-Demand Initiation of Acute Ictal Activity in Rodent and Human Tissue
06:45

Generation and On-Demand Initiation of Acute Ictal Activity in Rodent and Human Tissue

Published on: January 19, 2019

Revising the ICD-10 codes for epilepsy and seizures.

Donna C Bergen1, Ettore Beghi, Marco T Medina

  • 1Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University, Chicago, Illinois 60076, USA. dbergen@rush.edu

Epilepsia
|July 7, 2012
PubMed
Summary

The World Health Organization is revising the International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (ICD-10) to include modern medical knowledge. Draft codes are available for public comment, aiming to improve global health statistics and resource allocation.

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Electrophoretic Delivery of γ-aminobutyric Acid (GABA) into Epileptic Focus Prevents Seizures in Mice
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Equipment Setup and Artifact Removal for Simultaneous Electroencephalogram and Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Clinical Review in Epilepsy
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Last Updated: May 20, 2026

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Electrophoretic Delivery of γ-aminobutyric Acid (GABA) into Epileptic Focus Prevents Seizures in Mice
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Equipment Setup and Artifact Removal for Simultaneous Electroencephalogram and Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Clinical Review in Epilepsy
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Equipment Setup and Artifact Removal for Simultaneous Electroencephalogram and Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Clinical Review in Epilepsy

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Public Health
  • Medical Informatics

Background:

  • The World Health Organization (WHO) is updating the International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (ICD-10).
  • A Neurology Task Force Advisory Group (TAG) is developing revisions to incorporate scientific advances since 1992.
  • ICD codes are crucial for global mortality/morbidity statistics, healthcare planning, training, and resource allocation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To revise the ICD-10 classification system for neurological disorders.
  • To reflect current scientific understanding and pathophysiology.
  • To ensure the updated codes meet the needs of global healthcare providers, especially in low-income countries.

Main Methods:

  • Formation of a Neurology Task Force Advisory Group (TAG) with international subspecialty representation (e.g., International League Against Epilepsy).
  • Review and incorporation of scientific advances and new pathophysiological concepts.
  • Development of draft ICD code revisions.

Main Results:

  • Draft ICD code revisions reflecting updated neurological knowledge have been produced.
  • The draft codes are accessible online for public commentary.
  • The revision process aims to enhance the utility of ICD codes for diverse healthcare settings.

Conclusions:

  • The ongoing revision of ICD-10 by the WHO, particularly for neurology, is essential for accurate global health reporting.
  • Public engagement with draft codes is encouraged to ensure comprehensive and relevant updates.
  • The revised ICD codes will support improved healthcare planning and resource management worldwide.