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Patterns of Fever

Patterns of Fever

Before understanding the types and patterns of fever, it is essential to know its phases.

Increased Body Temperature

Increased Body Temperature

A body temperature above 38°C (100.4 °F) is known as fever or pyrexia, and a person with fever is termed 'febrile.' Typically, the hypothalamus, a part of the brain that acts as the body's thermostat, regulates body temperature through a thermoregulatory setpoint. It receives signals from cold and warm thermal receptors throughout the body and adjusts the body's temperature accordingly. Fever occurs when this hypothalamic setpoint is altered, usually in response to an infection or illness.

Types of Fever

Types of Fever

Fever can be triggered by several factors, including infections, nervous system disorders, certain cancers, blood diseases like leukemia, embolism, thrombosis, heatstroke, dehydration, surgical trauma, crushing injuries, and allergic reactions.
Here are the different types of fever:

Methods of reducing fever

Methods of reducing fever

The signs and symptoms of fever include hot and dry skin, flushed face, thirst, muscle aches, anorexia, headache, tachycardia, tachypnea, and fatigue. Elevated body temperature is reduced using two methods: pharmacological and nonpharmacological. Proper identification and treatment of the root cause of a fever is of utmost importance.
Pharmacological Methods of Reducing Fever:

Homeostatic Imbalances in Body Temperature

Homeostatic Imbalances in Body Temperature

Hyperthermia occurs when the body's temperature becomes unusually high, often due to heat exposure, intense physical activity, or certain illnesses. This condition can create a dangerous cycle where elevated body temperature increases the metabolic rate, generating more heat and potentially leading to organ failure and brain damage. A severe form of hyperthermia, called heat stroke, can raise body temperature to life-threatening levels. Fever, on the other hand, is a controlled form of...

Acute Inflammation III: Local and Systemic Effects

Acute Inflammation III: Local and Systemic Effects

Acute inflammation produces a coordinated set of local and systemic changes that limit injury, eliminate pathogens, and initiate repair. These responses arise within minutes of infection, trauma, or chemical insult and are driven by vascular alterations and leukocyte-derived mediators. When the stimulus resolves, the reaction typically abates within days.Local EffectsAt the site of injury, arteriolar vasodilation increases blood flow, resulting in redness and warmth. Simultaneously, increased...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 20, 2026

Protocol for Long Duration Whole Body Hyperthermia in Mice

Protocol for Long Duration Whole Body Hyperthermia in Mice

Published on: August 25, 2012

[Intermittent prolonged fever triggered by efforts].

A Froissart¹, S Gazaignes, J Gellen-Dautremer

¹Service de médecine interne, hôpital Beaujon, 100, boulevard du Général-Leclerc, 92110 Clichy, France.

La Revue De Medecine Interne

|July 7, 2012

Summary

Fever of unknown origin can be challenging to diagnose. This case highlights cerebrospinal fluid shunt infection with Propionibacterium acnes, particularly when fever is effort-induced in patients with prosthetic material.

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Last Updated: May 20, 2026

Protocol for Long Duration Whole Body Hyperthermia in Mice

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Esophageal Heat Transfer for Patient Temperature Control and Targeted Temperature Management

Esophageal Heat Transfer for Patient Temperature Control and Targeted Temperature Management

Published on: November 21, 2017

Area of Science:

Internal Medicine
Infectious Diseases
Nephrology

Background:

Fever of unknown origin (FUO) presents a diagnostic challenge in internal medicine.
Standardized work-up is difficult, relying heavily on patient history and physical examination.

Observation:

A case of prolonged, intermittent fever triggered by physical exertion is presented.
The patient had a history of prosthetic material, specifically a cerebrospinal fluid shunt.

Findings:

Cerebrospinal fluid shunt infection by Propionibacterium acnes was diagnosed.
Renal biopsy revealed "shunt nephritis," indicating a kidney complication associated with the shunt.

Implications:

Suspect prosthesis infection in FUO cases, especially with effort-associated fever.
Propionibacterium acnes should be considered in shunt infections.
Shunt nephritis highlights potential systemic complications of prosthetic device infections.