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Updated: May 20, 2026

Cross-Modal Multivariate Pattern Analysis
Published on: November 9, 2011
The cortical organization of speech processing: feedback control and predictive coding the context of a dual-stream
1Department of Cognitive Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, United States. Greg.hickok@uci.edu
Abstract:
Speech recognition is an active process that involves some form of predictive coding. This statement is relatively uncontroversial. What is less clear is the source of the prediction. The dual-stream model of speech processing suggests that there are two possible sources of predictive coding in speech perception: the motor speech system and the lexical-conceptual system. Here I provide an overview of the dual-stream model of speech processing and then discuss evidence concerning the source of predictive coding during speech recognition. I conclude that, in contrast to recent theoretical trends, the dorsal sensory-motor stream is not a source of forward prediction that can facilitate speech recognition. Rather, it is forward prediction coming out of the ventral stream that serves this function.
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