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Pneumothorax-I

Pneumothorax-I

A pneumothorax is a condition where air builds up in the space between the lung and the chest wall, causing the lung to collapse. This condition arises when air enters the space between the parietal and visceral pleura, disrupting the negative pressure essential for lung inflation. This can lead to a partial or complete collapse of the lung.
Pneumothorax can be even further classified as spontaneous, traumatic, and tension pneumothorax.

Pneumothorax-II

Pneumothorax-II

Pneumothorax is a medical condition defined by the buildup of air in the pleural space between the lungs and the chest wall. This accumulation of air can lead to partial or complete lung collapse, resulting in a range of clinical manifestations. Understanding the clinical presentation and effective management strategies is crucial for healthcare professionals in providing timely and appropriate care to individuals with pneumothorax.
Clinical Manifestations:

Pneumothorax II: Pathophysiology

Pneumothorax II: Pathophysiology

Pneumothorax means the presence of air in the pleural space — the thin potential gap between the visceral and parietal pleura. This condition disrupts the normal pressure balance that keeps the lungs inflated, leading to partial or complete collapse of the affected lung.Normal physiologyUnder normal conditions, the pleural space maintains a slightly negative intrapleural pressure, which keeps the lungs expanded against the chest wall. This negative pressure creates a delicate balance between...

Pulmonary Cycle: Exhalation

Pulmonary Cycle: Exhalation

In terms of human respiration, the act of expelling air, known as exhalation (or expiration), operates on the principle of pressure gradients. During expiration, the pressure within the lungs exceeds that of the surrounding atmosphere. Under normal conditions, quiet breathing involves passive exhalation and is free of muscular contractions. This is because the exhalation process is driven by the natural elastic recoil of the lungs and chest wall, both of which have an inherent tendency to...

Atelectasis II: Pathophysiology

Atelectasis II: Pathophysiology

Atelectasis develops when alveoli lose their air and collapse inward. Because lung tissue is naturally elastic, these air sacs shrink rather than remaining open. Collapsed alveoli are no longer ventilated, reducing their role in gas exchange. Blood flow may continue in these regions, creating a ventilation–perfusion mismatch. Clinical findings include decreased breath sounds, dullness to percussion, reduced chest expansion, and decreased tactile fremitus as sound transmission through collapsed...

Pneumonia I: Introduction

Pneumonia I: Introduction

Pneumonia is an acute respiratory infection that targets the lungs, specifically the alveoli. These tiny air sacs, essential for oxygen exchange, become engorged with pus and fluid, severely hindering breathing, decreasing oxygen absorption, and causing significant pain and discomfort during respiration.
Risk Factors
Various factors influence the likelihood of developing pneumonia. Age plays a crucial role, with infants, children under two, and individuals over 65 at increased risk due to their...

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Updated: May 20, 2026

International Expert Consensus and Recommendations for Neonatal Pneumothorax Ultrasound Diagnosis and Ultrasound-guided Thoracentesis Procedure

International Expert Consensus and Recommendations for Neonatal Pneumothorax Ultrasound Diagnosis and Ultrasound-guided Thoracentesis Procedure

Published on: March 12, 2020

Pediatric spontaneous pneumothorax.

Kurtis Dotson¹, Laurie H Johnson

¹Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Division of Emergency Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA. kurtis.dotson@cchmc.org

Pediatric Emergency Care

|July 7, 2012

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Spontaneous pneumothorax (SP) is rare in children, with ongoing debates about its causes, diagnosis, and treatment. This review examines current evidence and adult guidelines for pediatric SP management.

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International Expert Consensus and Recommendations for Neonatal Pneumothorax Ultrasound Diagnosis and Ultrasound-guided Thoracentesis Procedure

International Expert Consensus and Recommendations for Neonatal Pneumothorax Ultrasound Diagnosis and Ultrasound-guided Thoracentesis Procedure

Published on: March 12, 2020

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Published on: April 7, 2023

Area of Science:

Pediatric Pulmonology
Thoracic Surgery
Emergency Medicine

Background:

Spontaneous pneumothorax (SP) is uncommon in children.
Existing literature primarily focuses on surgical interventions.
Uncertainty persists regarding pediatric SP epidemiology, diagnosis, and management.

Purpose of the Study:

To review current knowledge on pediatric spontaneous pneumothorax.
To evaluate the applicability of adult treatment guidelines to children.
To address gaps in understanding SP in the pediatric population.

Main Methods:

Comprehensive literature review.
Analysis of existing evidence on pediatric SP.
Comparison of pediatric and adult SP management strategies.

Main Results:

The incidence, pathophysiology, and optimal diagnostic imaging for pediatric SP require further clarification.
Current treatment recommendations for pediatric SP are not fully established.
The translation of adult SP management protocols to pediatric cases is under scrutiny.

Conclusions:

Further research is needed to establish definitive guidelines for pediatric spontaneous pneumothorax.
Evidence-based diagnostic and management strategies are crucial for pediatric patients.
Tailoring adult recommendations to the pediatric population requires careful consideration.