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Related Concept Videos

Epigenetic Regulation01:37

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
X-chromosome...
Epigenetic Regulation01:46

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
Epigenetic Regulation01:46

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
Phase II Reactions: Methylation Reactions01:17

Phase II Reactions: Methylation Reactions

Methylation is a phase II biotransformation process involving the attachment of a methyl group to a substrate. Enzymes known as methyltransferases orchestrate this reaction.
The mechanism of methylation unfolds in two stages. The first stage sees a methyltransferase enzyme facilitating the transfer of a methyl group from S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) to the substrate, forming S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH). The second stage involves further metabolism of SAH into homocysteine, which can be recycled...
Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance02:30

Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance

Diploid organisms inherit genetic material through chromosomes from both parents. Copies of the same gene are known as alleles. In most cases, both alleles are simultaneously expressed and allow various cellular processes to function optimally. If one of the alleles is missing or mutated, the expression of the other allele can compensate; however, this is not true for all genes.
The expression of some genes depends on which parent passed the gene to the offspring, through a phenomenon known as...
Histone Modification02:32

Histone Modification

The histone proteins have a flexible N-terminal tail extending out from the nucleosome. These histone tails are often subjected to post-translational modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. Particular combinations of these modifications form “histone codes” that influence the chromatin folding and tissue-specific gene expression.
Acetylation
The enzyme histone acetyltransferase adds acetyl group to the histones. Another enzyme, histone deacetylase,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 20, 2026

Immunostaining for DNA Modifications: Computational Analysis of Confocal Images
09:42

Immunostaining for DNA Modifications: Computational Analysis of Confocal Images

Published on: September 7, 2017

Mind-body interrelationship in DNA methylation.

Moshe Szyf1

  • 1Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Sackler Program in Epigenetics and Psychobiology, McGill University, Montreal, Que., Canada. moshe.szyf@mcgill.ca

Chemical Immunology and Allergy
|July 7, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

DNA methylation, an epigenetic mechanism, adapts the genome to environmental cues. This study explores its role in linking early social environments to stable behavioral phenotypes, potentially involving the immune system.

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Correlating Gene-specific DNA Methylation Changes with Expression and Transcriptional Activity of Astrocytic KCNJ10 (Kir4.1)
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Last Updated: May 20, 2026

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Area of Science:

  • Epigenetics
  • Molecular Biology
  • Behavioral Neuroscience

Background:

  • DNA methylation is a key epigenetic mechanism regulating gene expression and cellular identity.
  • It plays a crucial role in cellular differentiation and development.
  • Emerging evidence suggests DNA methylation responds to environmental factors, influencing phenotype.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of DNA methylation in mediating responses to environmental cues, specifically early life social environment.
  • To determine if DNA methylation-mediated environmental responses extend beyond the brain to the immune system.
  • To explore DNA methylation as a mechanism for genome-wide and system-wide adaptation to the environment.

Main Methods:

  • The study discusses a model for DNA methylation as an environmental adaptation mechanism.
  • It reviews recent data on associations between DNA methylation patterns and the social environment.
  • Focus is placed on DNA methylation patterns in white blood cells.

Main Results:

  • DNA methylation is implicated in establishing stable behavioral phenotypes in response to early-life social experiences.
  • New data indicates associations between DNA methylation patterns in white blood cells and the social environment.
  • The findings suggest a genomewide and systemwide role for DNA methylation in environmental adaptation.

Conclusions:

  • DNA methylation serves as a critical interface between environmental exposures and phenotypic outcomes.
  • The immune system, through white blood cells, may be involved in DNA methylation-mediated responses to social environments.
  • Understanding these mechanisms has implications for studying behavior, behavioral pathologies, and human health.