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Neonatal osteomyelitis and septic arthritis.
P G Deshpande1, S U Wagle, S D Mehta
1Department of Pediatrics, K.E.M. Hospital, Parel, Bombay.
Indian Pediatrics
|May 1, 1990
Summary
Neonatal osteomyelitis and septic arthritis are often linked to prior illness or procedures, not prematurity. Staphylococcus aureus is the most common cause of these serious bone and joint infections in newborns.
Area of Science:
- Pediatrics
- Infectious Diseases
- Orthopedics
Background:
- Neonatal osteomyelitis and septic arthritis are significant pediatric concerns.
- Understanding predisposing factors and common pathogens is crucial for effective management.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review cases of neonatal osteomyelitis and septic arthritis.
- To identify predisposing factors, clinical presentations, diagnostic findings, and causative organisms.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective review of seventeen neonates admitted over a 3-year period.
- Analysis of medical records, including clinical symptoms, radiographic findings, bone scintigraphy, and microbiological data.
Main Results:
- No significant association with prematurity or low birth weight.
- 88.2% had antecedent illness or procedures.
- Common symptoms: paucity of limb movement, fever, local joint swelling.
- Radiographic changes: deep soft tissue swelling (58.8%).
- Bone scintigraphy abnormal in 7/11 cases.
- Femur and humerus most commonly involved (76.1%).
- Arthritis present in fifteen neonates.
- Staphylococcus aureus was the most common organism isolated.
Conclusions:
- Neonatal osteomyelitis and septic arthritis are frequently associated with antecedent conditions or procedures.
- Clinical presentation often includes limited limb movement, fever, and joint swelling.
- Staphylococcus aureus is the predominant pathogen, necessitating targeted antibiotic therapy.