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Related Concept Videos

Factors Affecting Illness01:18

Factors Affecting Illness

When a person's physical, emotional, intellectual, social development or spiritual functioning is compromised, this deviation from a healthy normal state is called illness. Illness creates stress that in turn harms individuals. Irritation, anger, denial, hopelessness, and fear are behavioral and emotional changes an individual experiences in the phases of illness. A variety of factors influence a person's health and well-being.
For instance, risk factors are connected to illness, disability,...
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Insufficient Sleep and Sleep Deprivation

Insufficient sleep refers to not getting the recommended amount of sleep for optimal functioning, even if it's just slightly less than needed. Sleep insufficiency may occur due to lifestyle choices, such as staying up late for social events or work, resulting in routinely getting less sleep than required. For example, consistently sleeping 6 hours when the body needs 7-9 hours can lead to cumulative effects on health and well-being.
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Classification of Illness01:17

Classification of Illness

The meaning of illness is individualized to each person who experiences an alteration in health. In contrast, disease is a medical term indicating a pathological change in the structure and function of the body or mind. It is a condition that has specific symptoms and boundaries.
An illness is a response to a disease in which the person's level of functioning is changed compared with a previous level. The general classification of illness includes acute and chronic.
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Methods of Documentation VI: Case Management Model

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The sleep cycle, an integral part of human health, consists of several stages with distinct characteristics and functions. It begins with a transition from wakefulness to sleep, known as the light sleep phase, followed by the restorative deep sleep phase, essential for physical recovery and growth. The cycle concludes with the Rapid Eye Movement (REM) phase, characterized by high brain activity and vivid dreaming. Insomnia, a prevalent sleep disorder, involves difficulty falling asleep, staying...
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Circadian Rhythms and Gene Regulation

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Updated: May 20, 2026

Collecting Sleep, Circadian, Fatigue, and Performance Data in Complex Operational Environments
08:36

Collecting Sleep, Circadian, Fatigue, and Performance Data in Complex Operational Environments

Published on: August 8, 2019

The association between shift work and sick leave: a systematic review.

Suzanne L Merkus1, Alwin van Drongelen, Kari Anne Holte

  • 1Research Group Working life and Innovation, International Research Institute of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway. uzanne.merkus@iris.no

Occupational and Environmental Medicine
|July 7, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Shift work, particularly fixed evening shifts, is linked to increased sick leave in female healthcare workers. More research is needed to understand associations with other shift types and populations.

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Area of Science:

  • Occupational Health
  • Epidemiology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Shift work is linked to adverse health outcomes.
  • The relationship between shift work and sick leave remains unclear.
  • Understanding this association is crucial for workforce health management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review observational studies on the association between shift work and sick leave.
  • To determine if specific shift work schedules are associated with increased sick leave.
  • To assess the quality of evidence regarding shift work and sick leave.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic literature search across six databases for observational studies.
  • Independent article selection and quality appraisal by two reviewers.
  • Data extraction and synthesis using a levels of evidence approach, categorizing by shift work characteristics.

Main Results:

  • 24 studies met inclusion criteria; 9 were high quality.
  • Strong evidence shows fixed evening shifts correlate with longer sick leave in female healthcare workers.
  • Evidence is inconclusive for rotating shifts, night shifts, and 8/12-hour shifts.

Conclusions:

  • The association between shift work and sick leave appears specific to certain schedules and populations, like female healthcare workers and evening shifts.
  • Further high-quality studies are required to explore detailed shift work exposure and its impact.
  • Findings suggest potential interventions targeting specific shift schedules to mitigate sick leave.