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Metallic Solids

Metallic Solids

Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
All metallic solids exhibit high thermal and electrical conductivity, metallic luster, and malleability. Many...

Imperfections in Crystal Structure: Stoichiometric Point Defects

Imperfections in Crystal Structure: Stoichiometric Point Defects

Schottky defects arise when some lattice points in a crystal, such as those in NaCl, remain unoccupied, creating lattice vacancies without disturbing the overall electrical neutrality of the crystal. This defect is common in ionic crystals where the positive and negative ions are similar in size, as seen in sodium chloride and cesium chloride. The presence of Schottky defects enables the crystal to conduct electricity to a small extent through an ionic mechanism. Electric fields cause nearby...

Imperfections in Crystal Structure: Point, Line and Plane Defects

Imperfections in Crystal Structure: Point, Line and Plane Defects

A perfect crystal, in theory, has a uniform structure with the same unit cell and lattice points throughout. However, any deviation from this periodic arrangement is known as an imperfection or defect. These defects can be categorized into three types: point, line, and plane defects.Point defects occur when there is a deviation from the ideal due to missing atoms, displaced atoms, or additional atoms. These imperfections might occur due to imperfect packing during crystallization or because of...

Temperature Dependent Deformation

Temperature Dependent Deformation

In a nonhomogeneous rod made up of steel and brass, restrained at both ends and subjected to a temperature change, several steps are involved in calculating the stress and compressive load. Due to the problem's static indeterminacy, one end support is disconnected, allowing the rod to experience the temperature change freely. Next, an unknown force is applied at the free end, triggering deformations in the rod's steel and brass portions. These deformations are then calculated and added together...

Imperfections in Crystal Structure: Non-Stoichiometric Defects

Imperfections in Crystal Structure: Non-Stoichiometric Defects

Non-stoichiometric defects refer to a type of defect in the crystal structure of a compound where the ratio of its constituent elements deviates from the ideal stoichiometric ratio. There are two main types of non-stoichiometric defects: metal excess defects and metal deficiency defects.Metal excess defects occur when there is a slight surplus of metal ions than what is required by the stoichiometric ratio of the compound. For example, heating a sodium chloride crystal in sodium vapor results...

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Determining the Mechanical Strength of Ultra-Fine-Grained Metals

Determining the Mechanical Strength of Ultra-Fine-Grained Metals

Published on: November 22, 2021

Deformation-induced localized solid-state amorphization in nanocrystalline nickel.

Shuang Han¹, Lei Zhao, Qing Jiang

¹Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130025, China.

Scientific Reports

|July 7, 2012

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers observed localized solid-state amorphization in pure nickel using quasi-static compression. This discovery in nanocrystalline nickel opens avenues for creating elemental metallic glasses.

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Methods of Ex Situ and In Situ Investigations of Structural Transformations: The Case of Crystallization of Metallic Glasses

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Solid-state Physics
Nanotechnology

Background:

Amorphous structures are common in multi-component alloys but rare in pure metals.
Amorphization in pure metals is a significant scientific challenge and technological goal.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the possibility of solid-state amorphization in pure metals.
To explore the role of nanocrystalline structures in inducing amorphization.
To provide a potential method for producing elemental metallic glasses.

Main Methods:

Applying quasi-static compression to bulk nanocrystalline nickel at room temperature.
Utilizing high-resolution electron microscopy to observe structural changes.

Main Results:

Localized solid-state amorphization was experimentally confirmed in pure nickel.
Nano-scale amorphous structures formed in regions of severe deformation, such as crack paths and around nano-voids.
Nanocrystalline structures were found to be crucial for promoting amorphization.

Conclusions:

Nanocrystalline materials facilitate solid-state amorphization in pure metals.
This work offers new insights into the crystalline-to-amorphous transformation mechanism.
A novel approach for synthesizing elemental metallic glasses has been suggested.