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Related Concept Videos

Graves' Disease I: Introduction01:28

Graves' Disease I: Introduction

Graves' disease is an autoimmune disorder that causes hyperthyroidism, or overactivity of the thyroid gland. It results from autoantibodies called thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSIs), which bind to thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) receptors, leading to overstimulation of hormone production and a hypermetabolic state.EtiologyAlthough considered idiopathic, Graves’ disease has well-established contributing factors. There is a strong genetic component, with increased prevalence in...
Graves Disease II: Pathophysiology01:24

Graves Disease II: Pathophysiology

Graves’ disease is an autoimmune disorder characterized by the production of thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSI) that activate TSH receptors, leading to excessive synthesis and release of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) and resulting in hyperthyroidism.Among all causes of hyperthyroidism, Graves’ disease is the most common and can happen at any age, though it is more frequent in women. It produces a hypermetabolic state with features such as weight loss, tachycardia, tremor, and heat...
Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology01:27

Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology

Hyperthyroidism is a hypermetabolic state caused by elevated levels of thyroid hormones, triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). It results from dysregulation at the thyroid, pituitary, or immune system level and affects multiple organ systems.PathophysiologyThe most common cause of hyperthyroidism is Graves’ disease, an autoimmune disorder in which antibodies, specifically thyroid-stimulating antibodies (TSAb), a subtype of TSH receptor antibodies (TRAb), bind to and activate TSH receptors...
Hypothyroidism II: Pathophysiology01:23

Hypothyroidism II: Pathophysiology

Hypothyroidism is a disorder characterized by insufficient production of thyroid hormones, which regulate metabolism, energy balance, and multiple organ systems.TypesHypothyroidism is classified based on the level of dysfunction. Primary hypothyroidism results from intrinsic thyroid gland dysfunction, causing reduced hormone production despite normal or increased stimulation. Secondary hypothyroidism arises from inadequate thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) secretion by the pituitary. Tertiary...
Autoimmune Disorders01:29

Autoimmune Disorders

Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
Concept and Mechanism of Autoimmune Diseases
The immune system...
Hyperthyroidism I: Introduction01:25

Hyperthyroidism I: Introduction

Hyperthyroidism is a type of thyrotoxicosis characterized by the thyroid gland's overproduction of the thyroid hormones triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). This hormone excess increases the basal metabolic rate and enhances sensitivity to catecholamines.DiagnosisDiagnosis is based on clinical features and biochemical testing. It typically shows suppressed thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels below 0.4 mIU/L, with elevated free T3 and/or T4. Additional tests, including thyroid...

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Generation of a Mouse Spontaneous Autoimmune Thyroiditis Model
04:39

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Published on: March 17, 2023

Hashimoto thyroiditis associated with ataxia telangiectasia.

Turkan Patiroglu1, Hatice Eke Gungor, Ekrem Unal

  • 1Division of Pediatric Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Medical Faculty, Research Hospital, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey.

Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology & Metabolism : JPEM
|July 10, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Ataxia telangiectasia (AT) patients can develop autoimmune diseases. This study reports the first cases of nodular Hashimoto thyroiditis in AT patients, suggesting the need for thyroid screening in AT individuals.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Genetics
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • Ataxia telangiectasia (AT) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder.
  • AT is characterized by neurological deficits, immune deficiencies, and increased cancer risk.
  • Autoimmune diseases are increasingly recognized in AT patients.

Observation:

  • Two AT patients presented with nodular Hashimoto thyroiditis.
  • This represents the first reported cases in the English medical literature.
  • Autoimmune thyroid antibodies have been previously associated with AT.

Findings:

  • Nodular Hashimoto thyroiditis is a rare but potential autoimmune manifestation in AT.
  • The association highlights the complex interplay between genetics and autoimmunity in AT.
  • Early thyroid screening may be beneficial for AT patients.

Implications:

  • Physicians should consider nodular Hashimoto thyroiditis in the differential diagnosis of AT patients.
  • Routine thyroid examinations are recommended for early detection and management.
  • Further research into the immunological aspects of AT is warranted.