Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 20, 2026

Synthesis of a Borylated Ibuprofen Derivative Through Suzuki Cross-Coupling and Alkene Boracarboxylation Reactions
Published on: November 30, 2022
Scope of the palladium-catalyzed aryl borylation utilizing bis-boronic acid
Gary A Molander1, Sarah L J Trice, Steven M Kennedy
1Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, USA. gmolandr@sas.upenn.edu
Abstract:
The Suzuki-Miyaura reaction has become one of the more useful tools for synthetic organic chemists. Until recently, there did not exist a direct way to make the most important component in the coupling reaction, namely the boronic acid. Current methods to make boronic acids often employ harsh or wasteful reagents to prepare boronic acid derivatives and require additional steps to afford the desired boronic acid. The scope of the previously reported palladium-catalyzed, direct boronic acid synthesis is unveiled, which includes a wide array of synthetically useful aryl electrophiles. It makes use of the newly available second generation Buchwald XPhos preformed palladium catalyst and bis-boronic acid. For ease of isolation and to preserve the often sensitive C-B bond, all boronic acids were readily converted to their more stable trifluoroborate counterparts.
More Related Videos
Related Concept Videos
Regioselectivity and Stereochemistry of Hydroboration
Hydroboration proceeds in a concerted fashion with the attack of borane on the π bond, giving a cyclic four-centered transition state. The –BH2 group is bonded to the less substituted carbon and –H to the more substituted carbon. The concerted nature requires the simultaneous addition of –H and –BH2 across the same face of the alkene giving syn stereochemistry.
Alkynes to Aldehydes and Ketones: Hydroboration-Oxidation
One of the convenient methods for the preparation of aldehydes and ketones is via hydration of alkynes. Hydroboration-oxidation of alkynes is an indirect hydration reaction in which an alkyne is treated with borane followed by oxidation with alkaline peroxide to form an enol that rapidly converts into an aldehyde or a ketone. Terminal alkynes form aldehydes, whereas internal alkynes give ketones as the final product.
α-Bromination of Carboxylic Acids: Hell–Volhard–Zelinski Reaction
Hydroboration-Oxidation of Alkenes
Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution of Aryldiazonium Salts: Aromatic SN1
In the Sandmeyer reaction, for example, the diazonio group is replaced by a chloro, bromo, or cyano...
Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution: Elimination–Addition

![[(DPEPhos)(bcp)Cu]PF6: A General and Broadly Applicable Copper-Based Photoredox Catalyst](/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcloudfront.jove.com%2FCDNSource%2Fteasers%2F59739.jpg&w=3840&q=50)