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Intestinal Obstruction II: Pathophysiology

Intestinal obstruction triggers a series of physiological responses, starting with gas and fluid accumulation in the bowel segment proximal to the obstruction, leading to distension. This distended intestine compresses the diaphragm, hindering lung expansion and potentially leading to reduced respiratory effort, atelectasis, and pneumonia.To overcome the blockage, the gut intensifies contractions, causing colicky abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting, which reduces fluid and food intake and...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 20, 2026

A Novel Human Epithelial Enteroid Model of Necrotizing Enterocolitis
08:42

A Novel Human Epithelial Enteroid Model of Necrotizing Enterocolitis

Published on: April 10, 2019

Necrotizing enterocolitis: old problem with new hope.

Shu-Fen Wu1, Michael Caplan, Hung-Chih Lin

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.

Pediatrics and Neonatology
|July 10, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) remains a significant threat to preterm infants. Early diagnosis and prevention strategies, like oral probiotics, are crucial for improving outcomes in neonatal intensive care.

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Microfluidic Model of Necrotizing Enterocolitis Incorporating Human Neonatal Intestinal Enteroids and a Dysbiotic Microbiome
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Microfluidic Model of Necrotizing Enterocolitis Incorporating Human Neonatal Intestinal Enteroids and a Dysbiotic Microbiome

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 20, 2026

A Novel Human Epithelial Enteroid Model of Necrotizing Enterocolitis
08:42

A Novel Human Epithelial Enteroid Model of Necrotizing Enterocolitis

Published on: April 10, 2019

In Vitro Apical-Out Enteroid Model of Necrotizing Enterocolitis
09:11

In Vitro Apical-Out Enteroid Model of Necrotizing Enterocolitis

Published on: June 8, 2022

Microfluidic Model of Necrotizing Enterocolitis Incorporating Human Neonatal Intestinal Enteroids and a Dysbiotic Microbiome
06:51

Microfluidic Model of Necrotizing Enterocolitis Incorporating Human Neonatal Intestinal Enteroids and a Dysbiotic Microbiome

Published on: July 28, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Neonatal Medicine
  • Gastroenterology
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) incidence and mortality rates are not decreasing despite advances in neonatal care.
  • The exact cause of NEC is unknown, but current hypotheses involve enteral feeding, intestinal hypoxia-ischemia-reperfusion, and pathogen colonization triggering an inflammatory response in preterm neonates.
  • Delayed or dysbiotic gut flora colonization, with a predominance of pathogenic microorganisms, plays a key role in NEC pathogenesis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) etiology, diagnosis, and prevention in preterm neonates.
  • To highlight the role of gut microbiota and potential interventions like probiotics.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature and meta-analysis findings on NEC.
  • Analysis of diagnostic indicators and risk factors for NEC.
  • Evaluation of probiotic efficacy for NEC prevention.

Main Results:

  • NEC infants exhibit less diverse gut flora compared to controls.
  • Increased gastric residual volume, low absolute neutrophil count (<1.5 × 10(9)/L), and low platelets (<100 × 10(9)/L) are associated with increased NEC risk and mortality.
  • A meta-analysis showed a low success rate (1/25) for probiotics in NEC prevention, yet oral probiotics containing Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus show promise for early flora balance.

Conclusions:

  • Prompt supportive medical management and careful monitoring of vital signs and hemograms are essential for early NEC diagnosis and intervention.
  • Oral probiotics may be a simple, safe method to establish commensal flora balance, inhibit pathogens, and reduce inflammation, potentially preventing NEC.