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Birth-weight, insulin levels, and HOMA-IR in newborns at term

Luis E Simental-Mendía1, Argelia Castañeda-Chacón, Martha Rodríguez-Morán

  • 1Biomedical Research Unit, Mexican Social Security Institute, Col. Los Angeles, Durango, Mexico.

BMC Pediatrics
|July 10, 2012
PubMed

Insights

Large for gestational age (LGA) newborns show a significant association with hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance (IR) at birth. Small for gestational age (SGA) newborns exhibited a tendency towards these conditions, warranting further investigation.

Area of Science:

  • Neonatal Health
  • Endocrinology
  • Metabolic Disorders

Background:

  • Low and high birth weight are established risk factors for diabetes.
  • Abnormal birth weight may influence neonatal metabolic profiles.
  • Understanding early indicators of metabolic dysfunction is crucial for long-term health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between abnormal birth weight (SGA and LGA) and neonatal hyperinsulinemia.
  • To determine if abnormal birth weight is associated with elevated insulin resistance (IR) at birth, measured by HOMA-IR.
  • To assess these associations in term newborns.

Main Methods:

  • Compared SGA and LGA newborns with appropriate-for-gestational age (AGA) newborns.
  • Defined hyperinsulinemia as serum insulin ≥13.0 μU/mL and IR as HOMA-IR ≥2.60.
  • Utilized multiple logistic regression to analyze the association between birth weight categories and metabolic markers.

Main Results:

  • Large for gestational age (LGA) newborns showed a significant association with hyperinsulinemia (OR 5.02, p=0.01) and elevated HOMA-IR (OR 3.54, p=0.02).
  • Hyperinsulinemia prevalence was higher in LGA (27.3%) and SGA (15.4%) compared to AGA (6.9%) newborns (p=0.03).
  • Small for gestational age (SGA) newborns showed a non-significant tendency towards association with hyperinsulinemia and elevated HOMA-IR.

Conclusions:

  • Large for gestational age (LGA) is significantly associated with hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance at birth.
  • Small for gestational age (SGA) shows a tendency towards association with these metabolic alterations.
  • These findings highlight the importance of birth weight as an early indicator of metabolic health in newborns.
Abstract

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