Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Opioid Analgesics: Synthetic and Semisynthetic Opioids01:15

Opioid Analgesics: Synthetic and Semisynthetic Opioids

Synthetic and semisynthetic opioids are pivotal in pain management and tackling opioid addiction. Semisynthetic opioids, including morphinans (morphine derivatives), oxycodone, oxymorphone, hydrocodone, and hydromorphone, have improved pharmacokinetic profiles compared to morphine. Additionally, heroin and 6-MAM (6-Monoacetylmorphine) show better CNS penetration than morphine due to heightened lipid solubility. Hydromorphone, a potent opioid, undergoes hepatic metabolism to form the active...
Drug Delivery: Miscellaneous Routes01:22

Drug Delivery: Miscellaneous Routes

Drug delivery methods like oral inhalation, nasal sprays, transdermal patches, eye drops, intravitreal injection,  and rectal administration provide localized effects with reduced toxicity.
Oral inhalation and nasal sprays swiftly transfer drugs across the respiratory epithelium's mucosal layer. Inhaled glucocorticoids and bronchodilators directly target lung conditions such as asthma, while fluticasone nasal spray mitigates allergic rhinitis.
Transdermal patches transport drugs through the...
Drug Delivery: Enteral Route01:18

Drug Delivery: Enteral Route

The enteral drug administration involves three primary routes: oral, sublingual, and buccal. Oral ingestion is the most prevalent, safe, economical, and convenient method for drug administration. However, it has certain drawbacks, including limited absorption due to the drug's low water solubility or poor membrane permeability, possible emesis from GI mucosa irritation, destruction of drugs by digestive enzymes or low gastric pH, and irregular absorption along with food or other drugs.
Drugs in...
Opioid Analgesics: Morphine and Other Natural Cogeners01:20

Opioid Analgesics: Morphine and Other Natural Cogeners

Opioids are a class of drugs that mimic endogenous opioid peptides and act on opioid receptors, and help in pain relief. These compounds are classified as natural, synthetic, or semi-synthetic. Natural opioids, like morphine, codeine, and thebaine, are derived from the opium poppy plant (Papaver somniferum or Papaver album) and are termed opiates. Synthetic opioids are artificial, while semi-synthetic opioids combine natural and synthetic compounds. Morphine, a prototypical opioid, possesses a...
Parenteral Anesthetics: Overview01:24

Parenteral Anesthetics: Overview

Intravenous anesthetics are drugs administered parenterally to induce anesthesia or sedation. Propofol is a widely used agent formulated as a 1% emulsion in soybean oil, glycerol, and egg phosphatide. It induces rapid anesthesia primarily due to its rapid distribution from the bloodstream to target tissues and is metabolized in the liver. However, it can cause significant pain on injection and hypertriglyceridemia. Fospropofol, a water-based prodrug of propofol, lacks these adverse effects.
Transdermal Drug Delivery Systems01:18

Transdermal Drug Delivery Systems

Transdermal drug delivery systems (TDDS) enable the controlled release of drugs across the skin into systemic circulation. They are particularly advantageous for drugs with short half-lives or narrow therapeutic indices, as they maintain consistent plasma concentrations and reduce the risk of subtherapeutic or toxic levels.TDDS are categorized into monolithic, reservoir, and mixed systems. Monolithic systems embed the drug in a polymer matrix, where diffusion governs release. Reservoir systems...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Mirtazapine to alleviate severe breathlessness in patients with COPD or interstitial lung diseases (BETTER-B): an international, multicentre, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 3 mixed-method trial.

The Lancet. Respiratory medicine·2024
Same author

Are people with mesothelioma who respond to the English Cancer Patient Experience Survey representative of the national mesothelioma population? A data comparison with cancer registry patients from the National Lung Cancer Audit.

International journal of nursing studies advances·2024
Same author

Assisted dying: principles, possibilities, and practicalities. An English physician's perspective.

BMC palliative care·2024
Same author

Response to "The opinion of French pulmonologists and palliative care physicians on non-invasive ventilation during palliative sedation at end of life: a nationwide survey''.

BMC palliative care·2023
Same author

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for pain in hospice/palliative care: an international pharmacovigilance study.

BMJ supportive & palliative care·2023
Same author

The ICaRAS randomised controlled trial: Intravenous iron to treat anaemia in people with advanced cancer - feasibility of recruitment, intervention and delivery.

Palliative medicine·2023
Same journal

Bereaved Parents and Spouses as Educators in Pediatric Simulation: Ethical Reflections.

Journal of pain and symptom management·2026
Same journal

The Unplugged Patient: A Case Report on Bridging the Digital Divide in Palliative Care.

Journal of pain and symptom management·2026
Same journal

Barriers perceived by palliative care fellowships in training physicians from diverse specialties.

Journal of pain and symptom management·2026
Same journal

Health Equity: Foundation of Serious Illness Care.

Journal of pain and symptom management·2026
Same journal

Coping with Breathlessness in Individuals with Lung Diseases: A Systematic Review and Meta-Synthesis.

Journal of pain and symptom management·2026
Same journal

Growing the Next Generation of Hospice and Palliative Medicine Researchers.

Journal of pain and symptom management·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 20, 2026

Fentanyl Analog Screening using LC-TIMS-TOF MS/MS
10:13

Fentanyl Analog Screening using LC-TIMS-TOF MS/MS

Published on: November 8, 2024

Fentanyl (transmucosal).

Robert Twycross1, Eric E Prommer, Mary Mihalyo

  • 1Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom.

Journal of Pain and Symptom Management
|July 10, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Therapeutic Reviews offer independent drug information for health professionals in palliative and hospice care. Resources include online content and country-specific formularies for optimal patient management.

More Related Videos

Guidelines for Elective Pediatric Fiberoptic Intubation
11:19

Guidelines for Elective Pediatric Fiberoptic Intubation

Published on: January 17, 2011

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 20, 2026

Fentanyl Analog Screening using LC-TIMS-TOF MS/MS
10:13

Fentanyl Analog Screening using LC-TIMS-TOF MS/MS

Published on: November 8, 2024

Guidelines for Elective Pediatric Fiberoptic Intubation
11:19

Guidelines for Elective Pediatric Fiberoptic Intubation

Published on: January 17, 2011

Area of Science:

  • Palliative Care Medicine
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Health professionals require reliable drug information for palliative and hospice care.
  • Independent reviews are crucial for evidence-based decision-making in end-of-life care.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide essential, independent drug information for health professionals.
  • To support informed prescribing and management in palliative and hospice settings.

Main Methods:

  • Publication of Therapeutic Reviews.
  • Dissemination of information via www.palliativedrugs.com.
  • Availability of country-specific formularies (USA, British, Canadian editions).

Main Results:

  • Accessible and independent drug information is provided.
  • Online resources and physical books are available for ordering.
  • Feedback channels are open for continuous improvement.

Conclusions:

  • Therapeutic Reviews serve as a vital resource for healthcare providers.
  • Comprehensive drug information supports enhanced palliative and hospice care.
  • Multiple formats ensure broad accessibility of critical drug data.