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Related Concept Videos

Vaccinations01:51

Vaccinations

Overview
Vaccine Production01:23

Vaccine Production

Vaccine production involves a sequence of upstream and downstream processes to generate a safe and effective immunological product. It begins with cultivating microorganisms, such as viruses or bacteria, to obtain antigenic material. For viral vaccines, mammalian host cells are grown in bioreactors and subsequently infected with the target virus. The virus replicates within the host cells, which are lysed to release viral particles. This lysate is then clarified through filtration or...
Vaccines01:21

Vaccines

Vaccines are among the most effective tools in preventive medicine, designed to prepare the immune system to recognize and combat infectious agents. By introducing antigens—substances that the immune system identifies as foreign—vaccines stimulate an adaptive immune response that leads to immunological memory. This immunological memory enables the body to mount a faster and more effective response upon future exposures to the actual pathogen.Vaccines can be categorized based on the type of...
Infectious Diseases and Their Occurrence01:28

Infectious Diseases and Their Occurrence

Infectious diseases appear in populations through various transmission patterns, influenced by pathogen characteristics, population immunity, environmental conditions, and social behavior. Understanding these patterns is essential for effective public health surveillance and intervention. These categories—sporadic, outbreak, epidemic, pandemic, and endemic—help frame the nature and scope of disease events.Sporadic diseases occur irregularly and infrequently, without a predictable temporal or...
Conservation of Declining Populations02:07

Conservation of Declining Populations

Conservation of declining population focuses on ways of detecting, diagnosing, and halting a population decline. The approach uses methods to prevent populations from going extinct.
Cancer Vaccines01:30

Cancer Vaccines

Cancer treatment vaccines are a rapidly evolving field that offers a promising approach to immunotherapy. Unlike traditional vaccines that prevent diseases, cancer treatment vaccines are designed to treat existing cancers by stimulating the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.
Cancer vaccines come in two categories: preventive (prophylactic) and treatment (active). Preventive vaccines, such as the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, protect against viruses that cause certain...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 20, 2026

Fabrication of Pulsatile Polymeric Microparticles Encapsulating Rabies Antigen
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Fabrication of Pulsatile Polymeric Microparticles Encapsulating Rabies Antigen

Published on: May 12, 2023

Vaccine allocation in a declining epidemic.

E Goldstein1, J Wallinga, M Lipsitch

  • 1Center for Communicable Disease Dynamics, Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA. egoldste@hsph.harvard.edu

Journal of the Royal Society, Interface
|July 10, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Prioritizing the 2009 pandemic influenza A/H1N1 (H1N1pdm) vaccine for high-risk adults over school children is advisable when the epidemic declines. This strategy balances mortality risk reduction with community transmission control.

Area of Science:

  • Epidemiology
  • Public Health
  • Mathematical Modeling

Background:

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Last Updated: May 20, 2026

Fabrication of Pulsatile Polymeric Microparticles Encapsulating Rabies Antigen
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Use of an Influenza Antigen Microarray to Measure the Breadth of Serum Antibodies Across Virus Subtypes
08:52

Use of an Influenza Antigen Microarray to Measure the Breadth of Serum Antibodies Across Virus Subtypes

Published on: July 26, 2019

  • The 2009 pandemic influenza A/H1N1 (H1N1pdm) vaccine became widely available in late 2009 as the epidemic wave waned.
  • Risk factors for H1N1pdm mortality were identifiable in high-risk groups, such as adults with underlying health conditions.
  • Vaccine allocation decisions involved prioritizing either high-risk individuals or school-aged children, who act as key transmission vectors.