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Updated: May 20, 2026
08:18
Three-Dimensional Reconstruction of Orbital Fractures
Published on: May 16, 2025
Forces charging the orbital floor after orbital trauma
Falk Birkenfeld1, Martin Steiner, Merlind Erika Becker
1Institute of Anatomy, Department of Prosthodontics, Christian-Albrechts University Kiel, Kiel, Germany. f.birkenfeld@anat.uni-kiel.de
The Journal of Craniofacial Surgery
|July 11, 2012
Summary
Orbital floor fractures from impacts require minimal force for repositioning. This finding supports the use of materials like PDS foils for orbital reconstruction after trauma.
Area of Science:
- Ophthalmology
- Biomechanics
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
Background:
- Orbital floor fractures are common after facial trauma.
- Understanding fracture mechanisms and tissue displacement is crucial for effective reconstruction.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate fracture mechanisms in orbital floor fractures.
- To measure forces and displacement of intraorbital tissue after trauma.
- To predict the required strength of orbital reconstruction materials.
Main Methods:
- Six fresh frozen human heads were used.
- Orbital floor defects were created via direct impact (3.0 J) to the globe and infraorbital rim.
- Defect size, tissue displacement, and forces were measured before and after repositioning.
Main Results:
- Orbital floor defect sizes were comparable for globe (208.3 mm²) and infraorbital (221.8 mm²) impacts.
- Initial intraorbital tissue displacement was 5.6 mm (globe) and 2.8 mm (infraorbital).
- Post-reposition displacement was minimal (0.8 mm and 1.1 mm), with applied forces around 0.07 N.
Conclusions:
- Fracture patterns do not consistently reflect different impact mechanisms.
- Minimal forces are required for intraorbital tissue repositioning.
- The low forces explain the clinical success of PDS foils and collagen membranes in orbital reconstruction.
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