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Updated: May 20, 2026
Three-Dimensional Cephalometric Landmark Annotation Demonstration on Human Cone Beam Computed Tomography Scans
Published on: September 8, 2023
Cone-beam computed tomography: accuracy of three-dimensional cephalometry analysis and influence of patient scanning
Gianluigi Frongia1, Maria Grazia Piancino, Pietro Bracco
1Department of Orthodontics and Gnathology-Masticatory Function, University of Turin, TurinYDental School, Torino, Italy. gianluigi_frongia@msn.com
Abstract:
The aim of this research was to analyze the influence of the position of the skull during cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scan and if the three-dimensional cephalometric measurements are influenced by skull orientation during CBCT scan.The study consisted of 5 CBCT scanning (KODAK 9500 Cone Beam 3D System unit) in 5 different positions of a dry skull. The data were imported in SIMPLANT OMS Software version 13.0. Fifteen three-dimensional cephalometric measurements were calculated; moreover, the mean, the SD, the maximum/minimum Δ, and the maximum/minimum Δ percentage were calculated. The statistical analysis was performed by an independent-samples t-test to evaluate differences between the 5 scans.No difference was found in all the three-dimensional analysis. Twelve of 15 measurements have a Δ greater than 1.5, and 7 of 15 measurements have a Δ greater than 2. Nine of 15 have a Δ percentage greater than 5%. The preliminary results suggest that the three-dimensional cephalometric analysis is influenced by patient scanning position.
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