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Updated: May 20, 2026

Dynamic Clamp Methods to Investigate Impaired Neuronal Excitability Associated with Autism

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Published on: October 17, 2025

Changes in grey matter development in autism spectrum disorder.

Ellen Greimel¹, Barbara Nehrkorn, Martin Schulte-Rüther

¹Child Neuropsychology Section, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of the RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany. Ellen.Greimel@med.uni-muenchen.de

Brain Structure & Function

|July 11, 2012

Summary

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) shows altered brain structure, with specific grey matter volume reductions in areas related to social cognition. Age-related brain changes in ASD are complex and region-specific throughout life.

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Area of Science:

Neuroimaging
Developmental Neuroscience
Autism Spectrum Disorder Research

Background:

Inconclusive findings exist regarding grey matter (GM) structural alterations in autism spectrum disorder (ASD).
Limited knowledge pertains to age-related brain structure abnormalities in ASD beyond childhood.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate regional GM volumes in a large sample of children, adolescents, and adults with ASD.
To examine age effects on brain structure abnormalities in ASD across a wide age range.

Main Methods:

Utilized magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans from 47 male ASD subjects and 51 healthy controls (aged 8-50 years).
Employed whole-brain voxel-based morphometry (VBM) to assess group differences in regional GM volume across age.
Investigated group differences in age effects on regional GM volume using a cross-sectional approach.

Main Results:

ASD subjects exhibited reduced GM volumes in the anterior cingulate cortex, posterior superior temporal sulcus, and middle temporal gyrus compared to controls.
Age-related GM volume trajectories in ASD showed complex, region-specific alterations, including leftward shifts in the amygdala, temporoparietal junction, septal nucleus, and middle cingulate cortex.
Distinct age-related patterns were observed, with linear decrease in right precentral gyrus GM volume in ASD versus a U-shaped pattern in controls.

Conclusions:

Voxel-based morphometry results in a large sample help resolve inconclusive findings on regional GM volumes in ASD.
Age-related changes in regional GM volumes indicate complex lifetime trajectory alterations in brain regions crucial for social-cognitive and motor functions in ASD.