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Related Concept Videos

Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps01:23

Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps

The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the addition of a...
Ribosome Profiling02:24

Ribosome Profiling

Ribosome profiling or ribo-sequencing is a deep sequencing technique that produces a snapshot of active translation in a cell. It selectively sequences the mRNAs protected by ribosomes to get an insight into a cell’s translation landscape at any given point in time.
Applications of ribosome profiling
Ribosome profiling has many applications, including in vivo monitoring of translation inside a particular organ or tissue type and quantifying new protein synthesis levels.
The technique helps...
Riboswitches01:56

Riboswitches

Riboswitches are non-coding mRNA domains that regulate the transcription and translation of downstream genes without the help of proteins. Riboswitches bind directly to a metabolite and can form unique stem-loop or hairpin structures in response to the amount of the metabolite present. They have two distinct regions – a metabolite-binding aptamer and an expression platform.
The aptamer has high specificity for a particular metabolite which allows riboswitches to specifically regulate...
Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps02:24

Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps

Gene expression can be regulated at almost every step from gene to protein. Transcription is the step that is most commonly regulated. This involves the binding of proteins to short regulatory sequences on the DNA. This association can either promote or inhibit the transcription of a gene associated with the respective sequence.
Transcription results in the generation of precursor (pre-mRNA) that consists of both exons and introns, which needs further processing before being translated to a...
Mitochondrial Protein Sorting01:39

Mitochondrial Protein Sorting

Mitochondria are double-membrane organelles of the eukaryotes involved in cellular metabolism, signaling, ATP synthesis, and programmed cell death.  Each of these processes requires specific proteins and enzymes that must be correctly sorted to the right mitochondrial subcompartment for the proper functioning of the organelle.
Most of these mitochondrial proteins are encoded by the nucleus and imported to the mitochondria as unfolded or loosely folded precursors. Mitochondrial precursors...
Regulated mRNA Transport02:22

Regulated mRNA Transport

In eukaryotes, transcription and translation are compartmentalized; an mRNA is first synthesized in the nucleus and then selectively transported to the cytoplasm for protein synthesis. Before transport, a pre-mRNA undergoes several steps of post-transcriptional modifications including splicing, 5' capping, and the addition of a poly-adenine tail. Various proteins bind to the pre-mRNA during these modifications. The mRNA transport takes place with the help of multiple proteins playing specific...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 20, 2026

Real-time Analysis of Transcription Factor Binding, Transcription, Translation, and Turnover to Display Global Events During Cellular Activation
12:54

Real-time Analysis of Transcription Factor Binding, Transcription, Translation, and Turnover to Display Global Events During Cellular Activation

Published on: March 7, 2018

The human mitochondrial transcriptome and the RNA-binding proteins that regulate its expression.

Oliver Rackham1, Timothy R Mercer, Aleksandra Filipovska

  • 1Western Australian Institute for Medical Research and Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.

Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews. RNA
|July 11, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Mitochondrial gene expression is complex, regulated by RNA-binding proteins. Understanding these proteins and their roles in mitochondrial RNAs is crucial for human health research.

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 20, 2026

Real-time Analysis of Transcription Factor Binding, Transcription, Translation, and Turnover to Display Global Events During Cellular Activation
12:54

Real-time Analysis of Transcription Factor Binding, Transcription, Translation, and Turnover to Display Global Events During Cellular Activation

Published on: March 7, 2018

Rapid Isolation of the Mitoribosome from HEK Cells
09:33

Rapid Isolation of the Mitoribosome from HEK Cells

Published on: October 4, 2018

Capture and Identification of RNA-binding Proteins by Using Click Chemistry-assisted RNA-interactome Capture (CARIC) Strategy
09:36

Capture and Identification of RNA-binding Proteins by Using Click Chemistry-assisted RNA-interactome Capture (CARIC) Strategy

Published on: October 19, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • The human mitochondrial genome, though small, yields a complex transcriptome.
  • Post-transcriptional modifications are key to regulating mitochondrial gene expression.
  • RNA-binding proteins are critical regulators of mitochondrial RNA metabolism.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the complexity of the human mitochondrial transcriptome.
  • To investigate the role of RNA-binding proteins in mitochondrial gene regulation.
  • To highlight the connection between mitochondrial RNA-binding proteins and human health.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of mitochondrial RNA composition and variation.
  • Examination of post-transcriptional processing, maturation, and degradation.
  • Review of recent studies on RNA-binding proteins and their functions.

Main Results:

  • Significant variation exists in mitochondrial tRNAs, mRNAs, and rRNAs.
  • RNA-binding proteins exhibit unique adaptations for mitochondrial RNAs.
  • Alterations in mitochondrial RNAs and proteins impact human health.

Conclusions:

  • Mitochondrial RNA-binding proteins are essential regulators of mitochondrial gene expression.
  • Further research into these proteins offers new therapeutic targets for diseases.
  • Understanding mitochondrial RNA regulation is vital for advancing human health.