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Laser welding and syncristallization techniques comparison: in vitro study.

C Fornaini1, E Merigo, P Vescovi

  • 1Department of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium.

International Journal of Dentistry
|July 11, 2012
PubMed
Summary
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This study compared laser welding and electrowelding for dental prosthetics. Laser welding demonstrated superior joint strength and fewer fissures compared to electrowelding, with chair-side Nd:YAG laser showing promising results.

Area of Science:

  • Dental Materials Science
  • Biomaterials Engineering
  • Prosthodontics

Background:

  • Laser welding has been utilized in dental laboratories for decades, offering advantages over traditional methods.
  • Recent advancements allow for chair-side Neodymium-doped Yttrium Aluminum Garnet (Nd:YAG) laser welding of prosthetic components intra-orally.
  • Syncristallisation, an electric arc soldering technique, is also used for intra-oral implant-to-bar connections.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the efficacy of two distinct laser welding devices against a conventional soldering machine in prosthetic dentistry.
  • To evaluate the mechanical properties and structural integrity of welded joints produced by different techniques.

Main Methods:

  • Three groups were established: in-lab Nd:YAG laser welding (A), chair-side Nd:YAG laser welding (B), and electrowelding (C), each with 12 samples.

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  • Thirty-six Cobalt-Chromium-Molybdenum (CrCoMo) plates were subjected to welding.
  • Microscopic analysis assessed fissure presence in laser-welded groups (A & B), while tensile strength tests were conducted on all groups.
  • Statistical analysis employed one-way ANOVA and Tukey-Kramer tests.

    • Main Results:

    • The chair-side Nd:YAG laser welding group (B) exhibited a significantly lower number of fissures (5.20 ± 1.38) compared to the in-lab Nd:YAG laser welding group (A) (8.12 ± 2.59) (P = 0.0023).
    • Tensile tests revealed significantly higher joint strength for laser welding groups (A: 1185.50 ± 288.56 N; B: 896.41 ± 120.84 N) compared to the electrowelding group (C) (283.58 ± 84.98 N) (P = 0.01).

    Conclusions:

    • Welding devices produced significantly stronger joints than electrowelding in prosthetic applications.
    • Chair-side Nd:YAG laser welding, despite yielding slightly lower joint strength than in-lab laser welding, resulted in a statistically significant reduction in weld fissures.