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Related Concept Videos

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA (lncRNA)...
lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA (lncRNA)...
RNA Splicing01:32

RNA Splicing

Splicing is the process by which eukaryotic RNA is edited before its translation into protein. The RNA strand transcribed from eukaryotic DNA is called the primary transcript. The primary transcripts that become mRNAs are called precursor messenger RNAs (pre-mRNAs). Eukaryotic pre-mRNA contains alternating sequences of exons and introns. Exons are nucleotide sequences that code for proteins, whereas introns are the non-coding regions. In RNA splicing, introns are removed and exons are bonded...
Types of RNA01:20

Types of RNA

Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in regulating gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
RNA Performs Diverse...
Types of RNA01:23

Types of RNA

Overview
Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in the regulation of gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
RNA...
Experimental RNAi02:15

Experimental RNAi

RNA interference (RNAi) is a cellular mechanism that inhibits gene expression by suppressing its transcription or activating the RNA degradation process. The mechanism was discovered by Andrew Fire and Craig Mello in 1998 in plants. Today, it is observed in almost all eukaryotes, including protozoa, flies, nematodes, insects, parasites, and mammals. This precise cellular mechanism of gene silencing has been developed into a technique that provides an efficient way to identify and determine the...

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RNA Pull-down Procedure to Identify RNA Targets of a Long Non-coding RNA
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From Transcriptome to Noncoding RNAs: Implications in ALS Mechanism.

Stella Gagliardi1, Pamela Milani, Valentina Sardone

  • 1Laboratory of Experimental Neurobiology, IRCCS National Neurological Institute "C. Mondino," 27100 Pavia, Italy.

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Abnormal RNA metabolism is implicated in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). This review explores alterations in RNA processing, from transcription to noncoding RNAs, offering insights into ALS pathogenesis.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Neuroscience
  • Genetics

Background:

  • RNA metabolism is crucial for cellular function, including gene expression and regulation.
  • Dysregulation of RNA processing is increasingly recognized in various diseases.
  • Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease where RNA metabolism alterations are suspected but not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and discuss the alterations in RNA metabolism observed in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).
  • To provide a comprehensive overview of RNA processing defects in ALS, from transcription to noncoding RNAs.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies investigating RNA metabolism in ALS.
  • Analysis of RNA processing at different stages: transcription, post-transcriptional regulation, and translation.
  • Examination of the role of RNA-binding proteins, splicing, and noncoding RNAs (lncRNA, microRNA) in ALS.

Main Results:

  • Perturbations in RNA processing occur at multiple levels in ALS, including gene transcription, mRNA stability, transport, and translation.
  • Aberrant splicing and altered expression of RNA-binding proteins are implicated in ALS pathogenesis.
  • Noncoding RNAs, such as long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs), show altered profiles in ALS.

Conclusions:

  • Altered RNA metabolism is a significant factor in the pathogenesis of ALS.
  • Understanding these RNA processing defects is critical for developing therapeutic strategies for ALS.
  • Further research into the complex interplay of RNA pathways in ALS is warranted.